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aubf (prelim) > physical exam > Flashcards

physical exam Flashcards

1
Q
  • Methemoglobin (Acid Urine)
  • Homogentisic Acid/Alkaptonuria (Alk urine)
  • Melanin (upon long standing due to air exposure)
  • Phenol Derivatives: Argyrol
  • Pakrinson’s Dse: Methyldopa/Levadopa Metronidazole (Flagyl)
A

black/brown

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2
Q

clarity

May precipitate/clot

A

milky

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3
Q

general term for transparency/turbidty of the urine specimen

A

urine clarity

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4
Q

clarity

Few particulates, print is easily visible through the urine

A

hazy

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5
Q

turbidity

Amorphous Urates and Uric Acid crystals

A

soluble with heat

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6
Q
  • most predominant
  • Production is directly proportional to metabolic rate.
  • Increased in fasting state and thyroid condition
A

urochrome

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7
Q

faint cloud in urine that forms after long standing: WBC, Epithelial Cells and Mucus Thread

A

nubecula

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8
Q

clarity

Print cannot be seen through the specimen

A

turbid

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9
Q
  • same with uroerythrin but imparts orange brown color in long standing.
  • Product of urobilinogen oxidation
A

urobilin

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10
Q

odor

Ketones, DM, Starvation,
Vomiting

A

fruity/sweet

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11
Q

odor

PKU

A

mousy

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12
Q

Pseudomonas infection

A

green

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13
Q

turbidity

Amorphous urate, radiographic contrast media

A

acid urine

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14
Q
  • Cells (RBC, WBC, Non-squamous epith)
  • Bacterial Build Up
  • Yeast (DM)
  • Abnormal Crystals
  • Lipid
  • Lymph Fluid
  • Chyle (Filariasis)
A

pathologic causes of turbidity

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15
Q

odor

Trimethylamenuria

A

rotting fish

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16
Q

abnormal urine color

A

dark yellow/amber/orange

17
Q
  • Rough indicator of hydration
  • Should correlate with sp/gr.
  • Varies from straw to black
A

urine color

18
Q

Porphyrias

A

burgundy red/port wine/purplish red

19
Q

turbidity

Amorphous phosphates, RBC and Carbonates

A

soluble with acetic acid

20
Q

odor

Tyrosinemia

A

rancid butter

21
Q

Red-Brown urine due to UNSTABLE hemoglobin (Hgb Koln)

A

bilifuscin

22
Q

odor

Contamination, Sperm

A

bleach

23
Q

odor

Onions, Asparagus, Garlic

A

pungent

24
Q

odor

Cystine Disorder

A

sulfur

25
Q

odor

Isovaleric academia

A

sweaty feet/cheese

26
Q

clarity

Many particulates, blurry print

A

cloudy

27
Q

turbidity

Lipids, Lymphatic Fluid and Chyle

A

soluble in ether

28
Q
  • present in much smaller amounts.
  • Contribute little to urine color.
  • Can be detected in refrigerated specimens when precipitated with amorphous urates (Pink color).
A

uroerythrin

29
Q

odor

Methionine malabsorption

A

cabbage/hop’s

30
Q

pink/ red urine:

  • RBC; hematuria
  • Hgb; hemoglobinuria
  • myoglobin; myoglobinuria
  • beets, rifampin
A
  • cloudy/smokey red
  • clear red/pink
  • clear red-brownish
  • all fluids are red
31
Q

PhotoOxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin

A

yellow-green/yellow-brown

32
Q
  • Presence of epithelial cells and mucus threads specially in women specimen
  • Refrigeration (Amor U or P)
  • Unpreserved long standing urine
  • Semen, Fecal Contamination
  • Radiographic contrast
  • Talcum powder and vaginal creams
A

non pathologic causes of turbidity

33
Q

[meds]
Indican, Amitryptiline, methcarbamol, clorets, methylene blue and phenol

A

blue green

34
Q

odor

Normal

A

aromatic

35
Q

turbidity

Amorphous phosphates and carbonates

A

alkaline urine

36
Q

turbidity

WBC, Bacteria, Yeast, Sperm

A

insoluble with acetic acid

37
Q

clarity

No visible particles, transparent

A

clear

38
Q

odor

MSUD

A

maple syrup/caramel curry

39
Q

odor

UTI, bacterial decomposit

A

foul-ammoniacal

aubf (prelim) (6 decks)

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