physical exam

Question 1

• Methemoglobin (Acid Urine)
• Homogentisic Acid/Alkaptonuria (Alk urine)
• Melanin (upon long standing due to air exposure)
• Phenol Derivatives: Argyrol
• Pakrinson’s Dse: Methyldopa/Levadopa Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Answer 1

black/brown

Question 2

clarity

May precipitate/clot

Answer 2

milky

Question 3

general term for transparency/turbidty of the urine specimen

Answer 3

urine clarity

Question 4

clarity

Few particulates, print is easily visible through the urine

Answer 4

hazy

Question 5

turbidity

Amorphous Urates and Uric Acid crystals

Answer 5

soluble with heat

Question 6

• most predominant
• Production is directly proportional to metabolic rate.
• Increased in fasting state and thyroid condition

Answer 6

urochrome

Question 7

faint cloud in urine that forms after long standing: WBC, Epithelial Cells and Mucus Thread

Answer 7

nubecula

Question 8

clarity

Print cannot be seen through the specimen

Answer 8

turbid

Question 9

• same with uroerythrin but imparts orange brown color in long standing.
• Product of urobilinogen oxidation

Answer 9

urobilin

Question 10

odor

Ketones, DM, Starvation,
Vomiting

Answer 10

fruity/sweet

Question 11

odor

PKU

Answer 11

mousy

Question 12

Pseudomonas infection

Answer 12

green

Question 13

turbidity

Amorphous urate, radiographic contrast media

Answer 13

acid urine

Question 14

• Cells (RBC, WBC, Non-squamous epith)
• Bacterial Build Up
• Yeast (DM)
• Abnormal Crystals
• Lipid
• Lymph Fluid
• Chyle (Filariasis)

Answer 14

pathologic causes of turbidity

Question 15

odor

Trimethylamenuria

Answer 15

rotting fish

Question 16

abnormal urine color

Answer 16

dark yellow/amber/orange

Question 17

• Rough indicator of hydration
• Should correlate with sp/gr.
• Varies from straw to black

Answer 17

urine color

Question 18

Porphyrias

Answer 18

burgundy red/port wine/purplish red

Question 19

turbidity

Amorphous phosphates, RBC and Carbonates

Answer 19

soluble with acetic acid

Question 20

odor

Tyrosinemia

Answer 20

rancid butter

Question 21

Red-Brown urine due to UNSTABLE hemoglobin (Hgb Koln)

Answer 21

bilifuscin

Question 22

odor

Contamination, Sperm

Answer 22

bleach

Question 23

odor

Onions, Asparagus, Garlic

Answer 23

pungent

Question 24

odor

Cystine Disorder

Answer 24

sulfur

Question 25

odor

Isovaleric academia

Answer 25

sweaty feet/cheese

Question 26

clarity

Many particulates, blurry print

Answer 26

cloudy

Question 27

turbidity

Lipids, Lymphatic Fluid and Chyle

Answer 27

soluble in ether

Question 28

• present in much smaller amounts.
• Contribute little to urine color.
• Can be detected in refrigerated specimens when precipitated with amorphous urates (Pink color).

Answer 28

uroerythrin

Question 29

odor

Methionine malabsorption

Answer 29

cabbage/hop’s

Question 30

pink/ red urine:

• RBC; hematuria
• Hgb; hemoglobinuria
• myoglobin; myoglobinuria
• beets, rifampin

Answer 30

• cloudy/smokey red
• clear red/pink
• clear red-brownish
• all fluids are red

Question 31

PhotoOxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin

Answer 31

yellow-green/yellow-brown

Question 32

• Presence of epithelial cells and mucus threads specially in women specimen
• Refrigeration (Amor U or P)
• Unpreserved long standing urine
• Semen, Fecal Contamination
• Radiographic contrast
• Talcum powder and vaginal creams

Answer 32

non pathologic causes of turbidity

Question 33

[meds]
Indican, Amitryptiline, methcarbamol, clorets, methylene blue and phenol

Answer 33

blue green

Question 34

odor

Normal

Answer 34

aromatic

Question 35

turbidity

Amorphous phosphates and carbonates

Answer 35

alkaline urine

Question 36

turbidity

WBC, Bacteria, Yeast, Sperm

Answer 36

insoluble with acetic acid

Question 37

clarity

No visible particles, transparent

Answer 37

clear

Question 38

odor

MSUD

Answer 38

maple syrup/caramel curry

Question 39

odor

UTI, bacterial decomposit

Answer 39

foul-ammoniacal