RENAL ANAPHY

Question 1

functional units of kidneys

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

2 types of nephrons

Answer 2

• cortical nephrons

- juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 3

nephrons that remove the wastes, reabsorbs the essential substances

Answer 3

cortical nephrons

Question 4

nephrons responsible for the concentration of urine

Answer 4

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 5

blood flow through kidney (7)

Answer 5

renal artery
afferent arteriole
glomerular capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
renal vein

Question 6

functions of kidney (3)

Answer 6

• removal of metabolic waste
• regulation of water and electrolytes
• maintenance of acid-base balance

Question 7

normal blood pH

Answer 7

7.35-7.45

Question 8

3 phases of urine formation

Answer 8

• glomerular filtration
• tubular reabsorption
• tubular secretion

Question 9

2 components of glomerulus

Answer 9

• 8 capillary lobes

- glomerular filtration barrier

Question 10

3 parts of glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 10

• endothelial cells (capillary wall)
• glomerular basement membrane
• podocytes (bowman’s capsule)

Question 11

2 functions of glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 11

• prevents the passage of HMW solutes (limit: <70 000 daltons)
• “shield of negativity” repels (-) molecules

Question 12

glomerular filtrate specific gravity

Answer 12

1.010

Question 13

serves as a nonselective filter of plasma substance

Answer 13

glomerulus

Question 14

3 factors that affect filtration

Answer 14

• cellular structure of capillary walls
• hydrostatic and oncotic pressure
• renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 15

pressure exerted by plasma proteins; pulls the solutes into the capillaries
give example

Answer 15

oncotic pressure

ex: albumin

Question 16

pressure exerted by certain fluids; pushes the fluids/solutes out of the capillaries
give example

Answer 16

hydrostatic pressure

ex: water

Question 17

cellular mechanisms involved in tubular reabsorption (2)

Answer 17

• active transport

- passive transport

Question 18

major site of reabsorption, how many percent?

Answer 18

proximal convoluted tubule, 65%

Question 19

tubular reabsorption:

sodium
mechanism:
location:

Answer 19

active - pct and dct
passive - ascending loop of henle

A-ct and P-aloh

Question 20

tubular reabsorption:

water
mechanism:
location:

Answer 20

passive - pct, descending loop of henle, collecting ducts

Question 21

phase of urine formation where we remove waste products and regulates acid-base balance

Answer 21

tubular secretion

Question 22

where is H+ and NH3 secreted?

Answer 22

PCT, DCT, collecting tubule

Question 23

where is urea secreted?

Answer 23

loop of henle

Question 24

urine composition

Answer 24

95% water

5% solutes

Question 25

urine primary organic compound

Answer 25

urea

Question 26

urine primary inorganic compound

Answer 26

chloride

Question 27

what tests might be used to assess whether the fluid is most likely urine?

Answer 27

urea and creatinine