Renal

Question 1

What is the most common causative organism of UTI?

Answer 1

E coli

Question 2

List some causative organisms of UTIs?

Answer 2

E coli
Klebsiella
Proteus (associated with formation of stones)
pseudomonas (associated with catheters and instrumentation)
enterococci (more common in hospital acquired infections)
staph saphrophyticus

Question 3

Symptoms of UTI?

Answer 3

dysuria
frequency
nocturia
haematuria

suggests involvement of upper tract if fever, loin pain and rigors

Question 4

Diagnosis of UTI?

Answer 4

urine sampling - mid stream sample

could probably diagnose clinically if uncomplicated UTI history

Question 5

What results may you get on urine dipstick if UTI?

Answer 5

leukocyte esterases (suggest inflammation)
nitrites (suggests presence of coliforms)
protein (may be present in infection)
blood (may be present in infection)

Question 6

Empirical treatment for female lower UTI?

Answer 6

nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim orally for 3 days

Question 7

Empirical treatment for male (uncatheterised) UTI?

Answer 7

should get cultures before starting treatment

nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim orally for 7 days

Question 8

Treatment of complicated UTI or pyelonephritis in GP and hospital setting??

Answer 8

GP: co-amoxiclav or cotrimoxazole for 14 days
Hospital: amoxicillin (or cotrimoxazole if pen allergic) and gentamicin IV for 3 days, step down as guided by sensitivities