Renal

Question 1

Mc causes of ATN

Answer 1

Aminoglycosides

Iodinated contrast dyes

Hypotension

Question 2

What does hep c cause in kidney

Answer 2

Membranoproliferative glomeruloneohritis

Question 3

Mc cause of acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 3

Antibiotics

Question 4

Envelope shaped crystals- Dx and most common cause

Answer 4

Calcium oxalate stones Ethylene glycol ingestion (antifreeze)

Question 5

Fevers for a while Systolic murmur Suspicion?

Answer 5

Infective endocarditis If it is normal valve then tx after culture/TEE Acute (takes 6 weeks to kill u) vs subacute endocarditis (takes more than 6 weeks to kill u)

Question 6

Patient with SCC comes in lethargic and confused, treated succesfully after Dx, however 3 days later becomes confused and lethargic again, hyporeflexia etc- Dx?

Answer 6

Osmotic demyelination syndrome

no treatment, just intensive support with little luck

Question 7

Person with SIADH- Tx?

Answer 7

hypertonic saline

Question 8

Hypovolemic pt with hyponatremia- Tx

Answer 8

Hypotonic saline (0.9%)- you’re just correcting the volume status, the natremia will correct on its own through that

Question 9

Hypervolemic hyponatremia mc causes

Answer 9

Cirrhosis

Nephrotic

Cardiac failure

*these are edematous states- normally body actually has an excess of sodium and free water, but arterial baroreceptors perceive low volume, so stimulate ADH- so free water retention, causing hypervolemia but hyponatremia