Renal 2

Question 1

Which drug causes red discoloration of bodily fluids including urine and contact lenses?

Answer 1

Rifampin

Question 2

Tx of hyperkalemia (severe >6.5)

Answer 2

First IV insulin and glucose

Then calcium carbonate/gluconate to stabilize heart

Question 3

Causes of chloride responsive metabolic alkalosis (high hco3)

Answer 3

Nasogastric suctioning
Vomiting
Diuretic use
Cystic fibrosis (sweat and other secretions HIGH concentration of naCl)

Question 4

Tx of metabolic alkalosis with low urine chloride

Answer 4

IV saline (contains chloride) - chloride responsive cuz chloride is lost via other mechanisms in the body remember!

Question 5

Causes of non saline (NaCl) responsive metabolic alkalosis

Answer 5

Hyperaldosteronism
Cushings disease
Ectopic ACTH
Barter, gitelman syndrome

Question 6

Causes of high urine chloride metabolic alkalosis

Answer 6

Hyperaldosteronism
Cushings disease
Severe hypokalemia (less than 2)

Question 7

Causes of non saline (NaCl) responsive metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

Hyperaldosteronism
Cushings disease
Ectopic ACTH
Barter, gitelman syndrome

Question 8

Metformin contraindication acute

Answer 8

Acute kidney injury because it incr likelihood of lactic acidosis
(You know you have aki because bun:cr is less than 20:1 but high

Question 9

A) What primary acid base dysfunction is present in COPD?

B) What change would added pneumonia cause?

Answer 9

A) chronic respiratory acidosis (not enough o2 in, less co2 out) regardless of breathing rate
B) pneumonia causes lactic acid build up- metabolic acidosis!

Question 10

3 main protein losses seen in nephrotic syndrome:

Answer 10

Transferrin - iron resistant microcytic hypochromic anemia
Antithrombin III - hypercoagulability
Thyroxine binding globulin- hypothyroidism (decreased thyroxine levels)

Question 11

35 yo man with bilateral enlarged kidney areas, flank pain and hematuria- most likely dx and tx?

Answer 11

Polycystic kidney disease

Tx: Ace-Is because it slows down kidney auto damage

Question 12

Sx for PKD

Answer 12

MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL
Mitral valve prolapse
Liver and pancreas cysts
Berry aneurysms

Question 13

Polycystic kidney disease (AD) needs additional screening for what?

Answer 13

Intracranial aneurysms!

And pancreatic cycts can occur too but not v important