Cardiology Flashcards
Widespread ST elevation mc cause?
Acute pericarditis
Dressler syndrome cause
Immune complex deposition- any cardiac intervention/ trauma that exposes the immune system to cardiac antigens. As immune system makes immune complexes this takes weeks/months after insult.
Dressler syndrome Sx
Pericardial effusion- check echo
Pleuritic chest pain
Tx of dressler syndrome
NSAIDs and colchicine (give colchicine prophylaxis too)
Steroids for refractory
Flank ecchymoses and severe abdominal pain?
Ruptured AAA
COULD HAVE BEEN acute pancreatitis is vomiting and fever were present too (Grey- Turner sign) - but hemorrhage into retroperitoneum is v rare in acute pancreatitis
Fixed splitting of S2?
Atrial septal defect
(Fixed meaning it doesnt only physiologically split when inspiring but regardless of what you’re doing- because the pressures inside the atria equalize under any change in bp so its permanently split)
ASD echo findings
RA and RV dilation because of left to right shunt
Also pulmonary/ hilar markings on cxr
Viral myocarditis echo findings and murmur?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
S3 heart sound (early diastolic, due to heart failure cuz of dilation)
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis (advanced) echo findings and hence CXR
+ enlarged left atrium
+ Straightening of left heart border on CXR
Severe chest pain radiating to the BACK
Widened mediastinum
Dx?
Aortic dissection
*remember can get cardiac tamponade frequently with dissection
A) Why is an av fistula needed for hemodialysis?
B) How can an av fistula cause high CO failure?
A) because the dialysis machine must inserted into a vein- but for adequate dialysis the vein must have a higher flow rate (which works with av fistula since high flow of artery goes into vein and incr vein flow)
B) this happens if AV fistula surgically created is too large- this means preload is too high, and afterload is too low, so CO must compensate to maintain MAP (MAP = CO x SVR) so v high CO= failure. (*check pg 151 for more details)
Marfan syndrome vs Ehlers Danlos syndrome heart defect difference
Only marfan: aortic anything (dilation, dissection, regurg)
Marfan + EDS = mitral regurgitation
Types of shock:
- adrenal crisis
- acute pancreatitis
- retroperitoneal hemorrhage
- pulmonary embolism
- adrenal crisis - distributive shock
- acute pancreatitis - (SIRS) distributive shock
- retroperitoneal hemorrhage - hypovolemic shock
- pulmonary embolism - obstructive shock
Acquired vWF disease from aortic stenosis- mechanism?
This may occur as VWF proteins get sheared due to the high turbulent area they pass in aortic stenosis.
* also remember this can be found in aortic stenosis pt with painless GI bleeding (cuz VWF disease can cause angiodysplasia)
