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Hippos > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of intrinsic renal failure? What are the four major causes of this?

A
  • ATN
  • ischemic or nephrotoxins
  • metabolic (hypercalcemia)
  • Crystals
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2
Q

What will be present in the UA with glomerulonephritis?

A

RBC casts

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3
Q

True or false: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is prevented if strep is treated

A

False

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4
Q

True or false: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis cannot be causes by skin infections with strep

A

False

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5
Q

What problem are patients with nephrotic syndrome at increased risk of developing?

A

thrombosis

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6
Q

What are the three major drug classes that cause acute interstitial nephritis?

A

PCNs
Diuretics
NSAIDs

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7
Q

What are the systemic s/sx of acute interstitial glomerulonephritis?

A

Rash, fever

Eosinophilia

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8
Q

What would you see on a UA with prerenal disease?

A

Hyaline casts, high SG

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9
Q

What will you see on a UA with intrinsic/renal disease?

A

Granular casts

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10
Q

What is the FeNa for prerenal and renal causes of AKI?

A 
Prerenal = less than 1%
Renal = more than 1%
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11
Q

What is the urine sodium for prerenal vs renal causes of AKI?

A

Less than 20 for prerenal

More than 40 for renal causes

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12
Q

What might RBCs on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

A

Glomerulonephritis or vasculitis

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13
Q

What might WBC casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

A

Pyelonephritis or AIN

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14
Q

What might granular casts or renal tubular epithelial cells on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

A

ATN

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15
Q

What might hyaline casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

A

Pre or post renal causes of AKI

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16
Q

What might oxalic acid crystals on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

A

Ethylene glycol

17
Q

What might oval or fatty casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

18
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms for HUS?

A

AKI
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia

19
Q

What is Ca indicated for the treatment of hyperK?

A

If there is QRS widening

20
Q

What must be checked when dealing with a bleeding AV fistula?

A

Platelets, coags

21
Q

What should you think of with persistent flank pain and fever in an immunocompromised patient? (2)

A
  • Perinephric abscess

- Emphysematous pyelonephritis

22
Q

What other condition is associated with polycystic kidney disease?

A

Cerebral aneurysms

23
Q

What is the causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

24
Q

What does LGV infection look like?

A

Painless herpes like lesions with inguinal LAD (“buboes”)

25
Q

What is the treatment for LGV?

A

Doxycycline x3 weeks

26
Q

What is the causative agent of chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

27
Q

What is the presentation of chancroid?

A

Painful papules on the genitalia that ulcerate with LAD

28
Q

What is the treatment for chancroid?

A

regular STD treatment

29
Q

What is the causative agent of granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)?

A

Klebsiella

30
Q

How does granuloma inguinale present?

A

Chronic, painless, progressive ulcers without LAD

31
Q

What is the treatment for granuloma inguinale?

A

doxycycline x3 weeks

32
Q

BIlateral testicular swelling = what infectious disease until proven otherwise?

A

Mumps

33
Q

What type of catheter should be used in a patient with prostatitis who is obstructed?

A

suprapubic

34
Q

Which priapism type is ischemic: low flow or high flow? Which if painful?

A

Low flow for both

35
Q

True or false: high flow priapism is not an emergency

A

True-ish

36
Q

What is the major cause of high flow priapism?

A

AV fistula

37
Q

When is ice contraindicated to treat priapism?

A

Sickle cell disease

Hippos (23 decks)

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