Renal Flashcards
What is the most common cause of intrinsic renal failure? What are the four major causes of this?
- ATN
- ischemic or nephrotoxins
- metabolic (hypercalcemia)
- Crystals
What will be present in the UA with glomerulonephritis?
RBC casts
True or false: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is prevented if strep is treated
False
True or false: poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis cannot be causes by skin infections with strep
False
What problem are patients with nephrotic syndrome at increased risk of developing?
thrombosis
What are the three major drug classes that cause acute interstitial nephritis?
PCNs
Diuretics
NSAIDs
What are the systemic s/sx of acute interstitial glomerulonephritis?
Rash, fever
Eosinophilia
What would you see on a UA with prerenal disease?
Hyaline casts, high SG
What will you see on a UA with intrinsic/renal disease?
Granular casts
What is the FeNa for prerenal and renal causes of AKI?
Prerenal = less than 1% Renal = more than 1%
What is the urine sodium for prerenal vs renal causes of AKI?
Less than 20 for prerenal
More than 40 for renal causes
What might RBCs on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?
Glomerulonephritis or vasculitis
What might WBC casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?
Pyelonephritis or AIN
What might granular casts or renal tubular epithelial cells on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?
ATN
What might hyaline casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?
Pre or post renal causes of AKI
What might oxalic acid crystals on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?
Ethylene glycol
What might oval or fatty casts on a UA indicate in terms of renal pathology?
Nephrotic syndrome
What is the classic triad of symptoms for HUS?
AKI
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia
What is Ca indicated for the treatment of hyperK?
If there is QRS widening
What must be checked when dealing with a bleeding AV fistula?
Platelets, coags
What should you think of with persistent flank pain and fever in an immunocompromised patient? (2)
- Perinephric abscess
- Emphysematous pyelonephritis
What other condition is associated with polycystic kidney disease?
Cerebral aneurysms
What is the causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What does LGV infection look like?
Painless herpes like lesions with inguinal LAD (“buboes”)
What is the treatment for LGV?
Doxycycline x3 weeks
What is the causative agent of chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
What is the presentation of chancroid?
Painful papules on the genitalia that ulcerate with LAD
What is the treatment for chancroid?
regular STD treatment
What is the causative agent of granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)?
Klebsiella
How does granuloma inguinale present?
Chronic, painless, progressive ulcers without LAD
What is the treatment for granuloma inguinale?
doxycycline x3 weeks
BIlateral testicular swelling = what infectious disease until proven otherwise?
Mumps
What type of catheter should be used in a patient with prostatitis who is obstructed?
suprapubic
Which priapism type is ischemic: low flow or high flow? Which if painful?
Low flow for both
True or false: high flow priapism is not an emergency
True-ish
What is the major cause of high flow priapism?
AV fistula
When is ice contraindicated to treat priapism?
Sickle cell disease
