ENT Flashcards
Why is a button battery in the ear an emergency?
Disruption of mucosa
When you someone get water into their ear with a ruptured TM?
Not until closure
Which type of vertigo has suppression with fixation: central or peripheral
Peripheral
What are the D’s of central vertigo?
- Diplopia
- Dysarthria
- Dysmetria
- Dysdiadochokinesia
What are the three components of Meniere’s disease?
- Progressive hearing loss
- Vertigo
- Tinnitus
What is blepharitis? Treatment?
- Inflammation of the eyelid
- Gentle lid scrubs, topical abx if severe
What is a hordeolum? Treatment?
- Painful abscess of the eyelid
- Topical abx ointment, warm compresses
What is a chalazion? Treatment?
- Chronic, internal granulomatous rxn in the eyelid
- Warm compresses, refer to ophthalmologist
How can you differentiate between gonococcal conjunctivitis vs other bacterial causes? How does treatment differ?
- Gonococcal = extremely purulent (waterfall of pus)
- Topical and systemic abx
What is iritis/uveitis/choroiditis?
Inflammation of the choroid body from trauma, infx, or autoimmune etiology
Is there discharge with iritis? How does the eye redness differ with iritis vs conjunctivitis?
No
-Iritis has ciliary flush, no conjunctival injection
What is the treatment for iritis? (3)
Dilate pupil, steroids, analgesics
How does a subconjunctival hemorrhage present? Treatment?
- Painless hemorrhage of the eye, with a sharp demarcation at the limbus
- Reassurance
What is dacryocystitis?
Inflammation/infection of the lacrimal sac, can be associated with cellulitis
What is the treatment for dacryocystitis?
- Warm compresses
- Abx
What test should be ordered if you suspect a FB penetrated the globe?
CT with orbits
What is keratitis?
Diffuse, superficial punctate keratitis
How often does conjunctivitis accompany orbital cellulitis?
Should not
What is a hypopyon?
WBCs in the anterior chamber of the eye
What is the most common precipitating factor of endophthalmitis?
Ocular surgery
What is the treatment for endophthalmitis?
Intraocular and systemic abx
What is the most common complication of a hyphema?
Rebleeding, which is usually worse than initial bleed
What is the treatment for a hyphema? (4)
- Bed rest with head elevated
- Analgesics
- Cycloplegics
- reverse coagulation
What is the treatment for an “8-ball” hyphema?
Surgery
What is the treatment/workup for a globe rupture? (3)
- Hard shield
- Abx, tetanus
- CT head
What is the treatment for pingueculitis?
Replace tears
-Ophtho referral
What is the treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
- IV carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- Beta-blocker ggt
- osmotic diuresis
What are the s/sx of optic neuritis?
Sudden, reduced vision, painful eye movements
Which artery is usually responsible for a posterior bleed?
Sphenopalatine artery
What is the disposition for a posterior bleed?
Admission for airway and cardiac monitoring
What is the treatment for sialolithiasis/sialadenitis?
- abx if infected.
- Sialogogues
What are the three general/broad etiologies of parotitis?
- infectious
- Blockage
- Autoimmune
What is a periapical abscess of the tooth?
Abscess at the bottom-most portion (apex) of the tooth
What is pulpitis?
Cellulitis of the tooth that leads to an apical abscess
What is a periodontal abscess?
Abscess around the tooth, really a gingival abscess, not an abscess of the tooth itself
What is pericoronitis?
Abscess around the tooth
What is the major risk associated with abscesses on the upper part of the mouth?
Can spread to the infraorbital space, progressing to cavernous sinus thrombosis
What is the treatment for infraorbital space abscesses?
Pull tooth
What is alveolar osteitis?
Dry socket–clot falls off of an open socket, causing a localized osteomyelitis
