Renal Flashcards
causes of pre renal AKI
decreased perfusion - sepsis, hypovolaemia
reneal artery stenosis
causes of intrinsic AKI
drugs - gentamicin, contrast, NSAIDs, metformin, ACE’is
immune mediated glomerulonephritis
acute tubular necrosis
acute interstitial nephritis
vascular
rhabdomyolysis, tumour lysis syndrome, sepsis
causes of post renal AKI
obstruction
diagnosis of AKI
1.5 times increase in creatinine or reduced urine output (<0.5ml/kg/hr) in 48 hours
what us normal urine output
0.5ml/kg/hour
what pain relief can you give in renal impairment
oxycodone, tramadol, paracetamol
what are the stages of CKD
1: >90 + signs (proteinuria/abnormal U&E’s)
2: 60-89 + signs
3a: 45-59
3b: 30-44
4: 15-29
5: <15
what does eGFR not take into account
weight
what causes an increased creatinine: albumin ratio
diabetes
management of a diabetic with proteinuria/ raised alb:creat
ACEi
what stage of CKD should have RRT?
4 - dialysis
5 - transplant
what are the complications of CKD
low vitamin D and calcium cause bone disease anaemia uraemia HTN hyperkalemia fluid overload
diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome
oedema
albumin <30
>3g proteinuria /day
common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
minimal change disease
treat with steroids
causes of nephrotic syndrome
minimal change (children and elderly)
membranous (most common in adults)
diabetes
