Oncology and Palliative care Flashcards
which cancers metastesise to bone?
thyroid, breast, prostate, lung, skin
what neurological findings do you get in SCC
LMN at the level and UMN below the level
investigations and management of Spinal cord compression
MRI
prednisilone and zalondronate
surgical decompression/ radiotherapy
analgesia
presentation of SVCO
dilated veins, facial/upper body oedema, respiratory distress, syncope, visual disturbance, cough, dyspnoea, chest pain
main cancers causing SVCO
lung, lymphoma, germ cell, ALL
investigations and management of SVCO
CXR, CT with contrast, USS upper extremities
Dexamethasone, radiotherapy, stent
factors which make you query neutropenic sepsis
temp over 38 degrees (or 2 over 37.5) - over 2 hours
decreased neutrophils
investigations in ?neutropenic sepsis and management
septic screen
Tazocin within 1 hr (add Gent when confirmed)
if low risk can give oral Abx and admit for 24 hours
when does tumour lysis syndrome occur
up to 5 days post chemo
what electrolytes do tumours release when lysed and presentation
uric acid, calcium, phosphate, potassium
AKI, arrhythmia, seizures, weakness, GI upset
management of tumour lysis syndrome
allopurinol and rasburicase can help prevent
calcium gluconate
phosphate binders
fluids +/- dialysis
presentation of hypercalcaemia
bones, stones, groans and moans(polyuria, confusion, fatigue)
management of hypercalcaemia in malignancy
fluids
IV bisphosphonates
Denosumab
most common type of breast cancer
ductal carcinoma
risk factors for breast cancer
BRCA1+2, obesity, smoking, nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause, COCP, combine HRT, not breast feeding
i.e. lots of oestrogen
