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Finals > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

list some organisms that are unculturable

A

legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia

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2
Q

example of gram positive rods (purple stain)

A

bacillus, clostridium, listeria

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3
Q

examples of gram positive cocci (purple staining)

A 
Staphylococci (clusters): 
staph aureus (coagulase +ve)
staph epidemidis (coag -ve)

streptococci (chains):

s. pneumoniae (diplococci)
s. viridans (long chain)
s. pyogenes (beta haemolytic)

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4
Q

examples of gram negative rods (pink stain)

A

Gut and GU bacteria - shigella, e.coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella

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5
Q

examples of gram negative cocci (pink stain)

A

H. influenza

Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningitis)

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6
Q

which Abx work on ribosomes/ affect protein synthesis

A

MCAT

Macrolides (clarithromycin)
chloramphenicol
aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
tetracyclines (doxy)

used more for atypical organisms/ unculturables

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7
Q

how do quinolones work?

A

inhibit DNA synthesis so broad spectrum (ciprofloxacin)

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8
Q

examples of cell wall inhibitors

A

glycopeptides (vanc), beta lactams (penicillin)

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9
Q

what is vancomycin used for

A

MRSA

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10
Q

list the beta lactam Abx (examples and uses)

A

penicillin (amox) - gram positive
cephalosporin (ceftriax/cephalex) - broad spec for +ve and -ve
carbapenems (meropenem) - broad spec, +ve, -ve and anaerobic

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11
Q

management of uncomplicated UTI in a woman and cautions

A

3/7 trimethoprim (folic acid metabolism)

pregnancy and methrotrexate

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12
Q

management of UTI in men/pregnant women

A

7/7 nitrofurantoin

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13
Q

management of Hep B

A

IFN alpha, tenofovir, lamivudine

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14
Q

management of Hep C

A

sofobsuvir

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15
Q

what are the typical pneumonia organisms and associations

A 
s. pneumoniae
H. influenza - COPD
klebsiella - alcoholics
= amoxicillin / clarithro if allergic
staph aureus - flu, cavitating lesion = fluclox
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16
Q

list some atypical organisms in pneumonia and associations

A

legionella - low sodium (urine antigen)
mycoplasma - erythema multiforme
= clarithromycin

pseudomonas in CF
aspergillus and pneumocystis jiroveci in HIV

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17
Q

considerations when prescribing clarithromycin

A

stop statin and warfarin

18
Q

x ray finding in primary TB

A

ghon focus in lower lobes - granuloma

not usually symptomatic

19
Q

x ray findings in secondary TB

A

cavitating lesions

as well as symptoms

20
Q

advice on contraception with rifampicin

A

reduces efficacy of pill

21
Q

diagnosis of osteomyelitis

A

MRI - erosions

22
Q

difference between erysipelas and cellulitis

A

erysipelas more superficial, well demarcated

23
Q

causes of C. diff and management

A

ciprofloxacin, co-amox, cephalosporin, clindamycin
barrier nurse
metronidazole and oral vanc

24
Q

presentation of clostridium botulinum

A

canned food

descending paralysis

25
Q

common GI parasitic infection in institutionalised people

A

giardia

26
Q

best Abx for treating GI infection

A

metronidazole - anearobic

27
Q

what serology will a Hep B vaccinated person have

A

raised surface antigen as this is what is in the vaccine

normal surface, core (IgG/Igm), and viral load (HBeAg)

28
Q

what serology will a Hep B exposed person have

A

raised surface antibody and core - IgG

these are chronic phase indicators but normal viral load (HBeAg)

29
Q

what serology will a Hep B carrier have

A

positive surface antigen and antibody, core - IgM, viral load (HBeAg)
negative for IgM as this is acute

30
Q

what serology will a person with acute Hep B have

A

positive surface antigen (not yet made antibodies), core– IgM (not yet chronic so no IgA), high viral load (HBeAg)

31
Q

list the herpes viruses and what they cause

A 
1/2 - ulcers, encephalitis
3 - chickenpox
4- EBV (glandular fever, burkitts)
5- CMV
6- roseola infantum
8 - kaposi's sarcoma
32
Q

what finding do you get on CT head in toxoplasmosis

A

ring enhancing lesion

33
Q

investigations in malaria

A 
thick and thin (find what species) blood films
RDT antigen test
LFTs
FBC
platelets
34
Q

management of malaria

A

acute - IV artesunate and fluids
falciparum - doxycycline and quinine
other types - chloroquine

35
Q

causes of meningitis

A

N. meningitidis
H. influenza
S. pneumoniae

36
Q

investigations and findings in meningitis

A

LP (if red flags for raised ICP do CT head)
bacterial: low glucose, high protein, high neutrophils
viral: normal glucose, low protein, high leucocytes
TB: very high opening pressure

37
Q

management of meningitis

A

empirical benpen
IV ceftriaxone
prophylaxis - ciprofloxacin

38
Q

investigations , monitoring and findings in HIV

A

initially: PCR, P24 antigen, IgG/IgM (not in first 3 months), CD4

CD4: monitor every 3/12. normal is 450-1600
also monitor viral load and RNA every 3 months

39
Q

what opportunistic infections do HIV sufferers get with different CD4 counts

A

any: TB
<200: p. jivoreci, toxoplasma (co-triamxoazole)
<50: MAI (clarith), CMV retinitis, cryptococcus

40
Q

list some aids defining illnesses

A

opportunistic infections
oesophageal candidiasis
sentinel tumours: kaposi’s sarcoma, NHL, burkitt’s lymphoma, cervical ca (HPV 16,18,33)

Finals (18 decks)

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