Infectious Diseases Flashcards
list some organisms that are unculturable
legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia
example of gram positive rods (purple stain)
bacillus, clostridium, listeria
examples of gram positive cocci (purple staining)
Staphylococci (clusters): staph aureus (coagulase +ve) staph epidemidis (coag -ve)
streptococci (chains):
s. pneumoniae (diplococci)
s. viridans (long chain)
s. pyogenes (beta haemolytic)
examples of gram negative rods (pink stain)
Gut and GU bacteria - shigella, e.coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella
examples of gram negative cocci (pink stain)
H. influenza
Neisseria (gonorrhea and meningitis)
which Abx work on ribosomes/ affect protein synthesis
MCAT
Macrolides (clarithromycin)
chloramphenicol
aminoglycosides (gentamicin)
tetracyclines (doxy)
used more for atypical organisms/ unculturables
how do quinolones work?
inhibit DNA synthesis so broad spectrum (ciprofloxacin)
examples of cell wall inhibitors
glycopeptides (vanc), beta lactams (penicillin)
what is vancomycin used for
MRSA
list the beta lactam Abx (examples and uses)
penicillin (amox) - gram positive
cephalosporin (ceftriax/cephalex) - broad spec for +ve and -ve
carbapenems (meropenem) - broad spec, +ve, -ve and anaerobic
management of uncomplicated UTI in a woman and cautions
3/7 trimethoprim (folic acid metabolism)
pregnancy and methrotrexate
management of UTI in men/pregnant women
7/7 nitrofurantoin
management of Hep B
IFN alpha, tenofovir, lamivudine
management of Hep C
sofobsuvir
what are the typical pneumonia organisms and associations
s. pneumoniae H. influenza - COPD klebsiella - alcoholics = amoxicillin / clarithro if allergic staph aureus - flu, cavitating lesion = fluclox
list some atypical organisms in pneumonia and associations
legionella - low sodium (urine antigen)
mycoplasma - erythema multiforme
= clarithromycin
pseudomonas in CF
aspergillus and pneumocystis jiroveci in HIV
considerations when prescribing clarithromycin
stop statin and warfarin
x ray finding in primary TB
ghon focus in lower lobes - granuloma
not usually symptomatic
x ray findings in secondary TB
cavitating lesions
as well as symptoms
advice on contraception with rifampicin
reduces efficacy of pill
diagnosis of osteomyelitis
MRI - erosions
difference between erysipelas and cellulitis
erysipelas more superficial, well demarcated
causes of C. diff and management
ciprofloxacin, co-amox, cephalosporin, clindamycin
barrier nurse
metronidazole and oral vanc
presentation of clostridium botulinum
canned food
descending paralysis
common GI parasitic infection in institutionalised people
giardia
best Abx for treating GI infection
metronidazole - anearobic
what serology will a Hep B vaccinated person have
raised surface antigen as this is what is in the vaccine
normal surface, core (IgG/Igm), and viral load (HBeAg)
what serology will a Hep B exposed person have
raised surface antibody and core - IgG
these are chronic phase indicators but normal viral load (HBeAg)
what serology will a Hep B carrier have
positive surface antigen and antibody, core - IgM, viral load (HBeAg)
negative for IgM as this is acute
what serology will a person with acute Hep B have
positive surface antigen (not yet made antibodies), core– IgM (not yet chronic so no IgA), high viral load (HBeAg)
list the herpes viruses and what they cause
1/2 - ulcers, encephalitis 3 - chickenpox 4- EBV (glandular fever, burkitts) 5- CMV 6- roseola infantum 8 - kaposi's sarcoma
what finding do you get on CT head in toxoplasmosis
ring enhancing lesion
investigations in malaria
thick and thin (find what species) blood films RDT antigen test LFTs FBC platelets
management of malaria
acute - IV artesunate and fluids
falciparum - doxycycline and quinine
other types - chloroquine
causes of meningitis
N. meningitidis
H. influenza
S. pneumoniae
investigations and findings in meningitis
LP (if red flags for raised ICP do CT head)
bacterial: low glucose, high protein, high neutrophils
viral: normal glucose, low protein, high leucocytes
TB: very high opening pressure
management of meningitis
empirical benpen
IV ceftriaxone
prophylaxis - ciprofloxacin
investigations , monitoring and findings in HIV
initially: PCR, P24 antigen, IgG/IgM (not in first 3 months), CD4
CD4: monitor every 3/12. normal is 450-1600
also monitor viral load and RNA every 3 months
what opportunistic infections do HIV sufferers get with different CD4 counts
any: TB
<200: p. jivoreci, toxoplasma (co-triamxoazole)
<50: MAI (clarith), CMV retinitis, cryptococcus
list some aids defining illnesses
opportunistic infections
oesophageal candidiasis
sentinel tumours: kaposi’s sarcoma, NHL, burkitt’s lymphoma, cervical ca (HPV 16,18,33)
