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Phys exam 5 > Renal 7 > Flashcards

Renal 7 Flashcards

1
Q

How does water loss react to hot weather or heavy exercise?

A

Increases water loss leading to increase water intake

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2
Q

How does drinking a large amount of water affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V:Increases
Osm: Decreases

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3
Q

How does drinking a large amount of water affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Increases

Ex [Na]: Decreases

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4
Q

How does incomplete compensation for dehydration affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V: Decreases
Osm: Decreases

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5
Q

How does incomplete compensation for dehydration affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Decreases

Ex [Na]: Decreases

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6
Q

How does ingesting hypertonic saline (gatorade) affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V:Increases
Osm: Increase

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7
Q

How does ingesting hypertonic saline (gatorade) affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Increases

Ex [Na]: Increases

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8
Q

How does dehydration thru sweat or diarrhea affect ECF volume and ECF osmolarity?

A

V:Decreases
Osm: Increases

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9
Q

How does dehydration thru sweat or diarrhea affect renal compensation in regard to changes in urine volume and excretion of sodium?

A

UV: Decreases

Ex [Na]: Increases

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10
Q

ADH Secretion is ____ Sensitive to Δ Osmolarity than change in volume

A

More

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11
Q

Is ADH secretion more sensitive to changes in osmolarity or volume?

A

Changes in osmolarity

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12
Q

Changes in ECF osmolarity are sensed by decreased firing of ______

A

Hypothalamic osmoreceptors

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13
Q

When there is a decreased firing of hypothalamic osmoreceptors, how is ADH secretion affected?

A

Decreased

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14
Q

How is water secretion affected by decreased firing of hypothalamic osmoreceptors?

A

Increased water secretion

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15
Q

How is a decrease in plasma volume detected?

A

Decreased venous, arterial, and atrial pressures causing a reflex mediated by CV baroreceptors

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16
Q

When there is decreased pressure in venous, arterial, and atrial pressures causing a reflex mediated by CV baroreceptors, how is ADh secretion affected?

A

Increased ADH secretion

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17
Q

When there is decreased pressure in venous, arterial, and atrial pressures causing a reflex mediated by CV baroreceptors and ADH secretion increases, how is water secretion affected?

A

Decreased water secretion

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18
Q

The following are factors that ______ ADH secretion:
↑ ECF osmolarity
↓ blood volume (via ↓ ANP)
↓ blood pressure (directly via ↓ baroreceptor activity) Nausea
Hypoxia
Nicotine and Morphine
AngII

A

Factors ↑ADH secretion:

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19
Q

The following are factors that ______ ADH secretion:
↓ ECF osmolarity
↑ blood volume (via ↑ ANP)
↑ blood pressure (directly via ↑ baroreceptor activity)
Ethanol
Cold

A

Factors ↓ADH secretion

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20
Q

In ______ condition:
Excrete a Concentrated Urine
Too much ADH function
Reabsorbing too much water

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

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21
Q

Most often seen in neurologic disease, head injury, lung tumors or after major surgery.
Excessive secretion of ADH causes hyponatremia, decreased plasma osmolarity and urine hyperosmolarity.
Sodium handling is intact and the only defect is in water excretion.
Feedback inhibition of ADH does not occur
Treat with ADH inhibitor drugs - Demeclocycline

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

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22
Q

Excessive secretion of ADH in SIADH causes what 3 things?

A

hyponatremia, decreased plasma osmolarity and urine hyperosmolarity

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23
Q

In _____ condition:
Excrete a Dilute Urine
Too little ADH function

A

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

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24
Q

In _____ DI:
Defect in ADH synthesis or release
Depressed [ADH]plasma

A
  1. Hypothalamic or Central D.I.
25
Q

In _____ DI:
Defect in ADH action
Failure to maintain hyperosmotic medullary gradient
Elevated [ADH]plasma

A
  1. Nephrogenic D.I.
26
Q

In _____ DI:

Compulsive water drinking

A
  1. Polydipsic D.I.
27
Q

What are the 3 symptoms of DI?

A

Polyuria
Nocturia
Polydipsia

28
Q

_______ is Defined as greater than 3 liters urine/day

A

Polyuria

29
Q

What are the 2 determining factors of urine volume?

A

–Amount of solute to be excreted (obligatory volume)

–[ADH]plasma

30
Q

What are the 3 major mechanisms of polyuria?

A 
–Decrease in Na+ reabsorption (Kidney Disease, Diuretics)
–Reduced ADH secretion (D.I.)
–ADH resistance
    –Lithium and Tetracylines
    –Hypercalcemic Nephrogenic DI
31
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of regulation of [Na} in ECF?

A

Osmoreceptor-ADH system
Thirst mechanism
Aldosterone and Ang II
Salt Appetite

32
Q

What are the 2 primary mechanisms of regulation of [Na} in ECF?

A

Osmoreceptor-ADH system

Thirst mechanism

33
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms that cause decreased plasma volume to increase thirst?

A

Baroreceptors and increased Ang II

34
Q

What is the mechanism for increase in plasma osmolarity increasing thirst?

A

Osmoreceptors

35
Q

Does metering of water intake by GI tract increase or decrease thirst?

A

Decreases

36
Q

Thirst increased by what 3 things regarding osmolarity of ECF, ECF volume, and MAP?

A

ECF hyperosmolarity, decreased ECF volume, decreased MAP.

37
Q

______ center responds to signals and initiates drinking behavior

A

Hypothalamic thirst

38
Q

Stimuli that increase salt appetite are those associated with what 3 things?

A
  • sodium deficits
  • decreased blood volume
  • decreased blood pressure associated with circulatory insufficiency.
39
Q

Humans normally function at how much Na per day?

A

20 meq/day

40
Q

Average consumption of Na/day in US is?

A

200 meq/day

41
Q

What hormone is secreted in response to high osmolarity with no volume change?

A

ADH

42
Q

In response to decreased MAP, how is renin affected?

A

Increased renin secretion

43
Q

An increase in renin in response to decreased MAP leads to a _____ in Ang II

A

increase

44
Q

How is aldosterone affected by a decrease in MAP?

A

Increased

45
Q

How is vasopressin affected in a decrease in MAP?

A

Increased

46
Q

What are the 2 ultimate responses of a decrease in MAP?

A

Increased Bp

increased volume and maintain osmolarity

47
Q

What hormone reduces blood volume?

A

ANP

48
Q

In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, what hormone is released in response?

A

ANP

49
Q

In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is vasopressin affected?

A

Decreased

50
Q

In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is GFR affected?

A

Increased

51
Q

In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is renin affected?

A

Decreased

52
Q

In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is aldosterone affected?

A

Decreased

53
Q

In response to a raised blood volume and no change in osmolarity, how is bp affected?

A

Decreased

54
Q

What is the overall outcome of the response to an increased blood volume without a change in osmolarity?

A

Salt and water excretion

55
Q

____ conserves blood volume which increases blood volume

A

ADH

56
Q

______ is stimulated by increased sympathetic activity; causes decrease in bp and blood volume

A

Ang II

57
Q

_____ function to increase bp

A

Sympathetic activity

58
Q

____ is stimulated by increased potassium and Ang II; functions to increase water reabsorption to decrease osmolarity

A

Aldosterone

Phys exam 5 (9 decks)

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