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Phys exam 5 > Renal 4 > Flashcards

Renal 4 Flashcards

1
Q

High capacity & variable; very selective
Many electrolytes and nutrients almost completely reabsorbed
Most waste products poorly reabsorbed.

A

Tubular reabsorption

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2
Q

Variable

Important for certain electrolytes (K+, H+), drugs, toxins.

A

Tubular Secretion

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3
Q

How much of urea is reabsorbed?

A

50%

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4
Q

How much of creatinine is reabsorbed?

A

0%

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5
Q

Once fluid is reabsorbed across the tubule epithelium into the interstitial fluid, it enters _____ via Bulk Flow

A

peritubular capillaries

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6
Q

Once fluid is reabsorbed across the tubule epithelium into the interstitial fluid, it enters peritubular capillaries via _____

A

Bulk Flow

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7
Q

The peritubular capillary and renal interstitial fluid favors filtration or reabsorption?

A

Reabsorption

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8
Q

Normal rate of Peritubular Capillary Reabsorption is ____ ml/min

A

124 ml/min

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9
Q

What is the normal GFR in ml/min?

A

125 ml/min

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10
Q

Which Starling’s force is the largest in the peritubular capillary and renal interstitial fluid physical forces?

A

Capillary colloid osmotic pressure

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11
Q

How much of filtered sodium is reabsorbed?

A

> 99%

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12
Q

Sodium Reabsorption can occur via both ____ and ______

A

Transcellular and Paracellular

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13
Q

Transcellular pathways-Passive across ____ membrane and active across _____ membranes

A

apical; basolateral

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14
Q

_____ membrane Na+ transport may be secondary active and tied to reabsorption of other substance

A

Apical membrane

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15
Q

Maximum rate some substances can be transported across the epithelium (absorption or secretion)
Due to saturation of transport proteins

A

Transport Maximum

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16
Q

______- is the plasma concentration that saturates the carrier (tubular load)

A

Renal Threshold

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17
Q

Once the ______ is reached for all nephrons, further increases in tubular load are not reabsorbed and are excreted.

A

transport maximum

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18
Q

As [Glucose]plasma increases, the [Glucose]filtrate ______, Glucose tubular load _______.

A

increases; increases

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19
Q

Reabsorption of Water is strictly active or passive?

A

Passive

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20
Q

As ___ reabsorbed, creates gradient for H2O reabsorption via osmosis

A

Na+

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21
Q

Which segment of the nephron is highly permeable to H2O?

A

Proximal tubule

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22
Q

As H2O moves via osmosis:-Carries other solvents along called _____

A

Solvent drag

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23
Q

T/F: As H2O moves via osmosis, creates gradients for the passive reabsorption of other solute (ex. Cl- and Urea)

A

true

24
Q

H2O Permeability ____ as move through nephron

A

varies

25
Q

What is the permeability of H20 in the Ascending limb of Loop of Henle?

A

(not permeable to H2O)

26
Q

What is the permeability of H20 in the Collecting duct?

A

(regulated by ADH)

27
Q

PT Reabsorption of Na+, Cl-, Urea and H2O exhibit ______ Transport

A

Gradient-Time

28
Q

Increased time a substance is in the lumen causes there to be more rabsorbtion

A

Gradient-Time Transport

29
Q

The concentrations of solutes in different parts of the tubule depend on relative reabsorption of the solutes compared to ______

A

water

30
Q

if water is reabsorbed to a greater extent than the solute, the solute will become ______ concentrated in the tubule

A

More concentrated

31
Q

if solute is reabsorbed to a greater extent than water, the solute will become ______ concentrated in the tubule

A

Less concentrated

32
Q

Cells have High capacity for Active and Passive Reabsorption
-Large # mitochondria
-Large surface area on both apical and basolateral
membranes
-Large number of membrane proteins
-High permeability for H2O.

A

Proximal tubule

33
Q

Reabsorbs
–~ 65% of filtered Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, and K+
– All filtered glucose and amino acids.

A

Proximal tubule

34
Q

Secretes

  • metabolic waste products such as H+ ions , organic acids, and bases such as: bile salts, oxalate, urate, and catecholamines
  • Harmful drugs or toxins
  • Para-Aminohippuric Acid (PAH)
A

Proximal tubule

35
Q

_____ and ______ - Isotonic Solution Reabsorbed

A

Na+ and H2O

36
Q

Distal Portion of proximal tubule reabsorbs more ____ and ____

A

Cl- and urea

37
Q

______ of proximal tubule not actively reabsorbed

A

Creatinine

38
Q

____ inhibitors used in treatment of T2DM

A

SGLT2

39
Q

What is the Na and Glucose symporter on the lumen in the early PT?

A

SGLT2

40
Q

What is the Glut transporter is on the basolateral in the early PT?

A

GLUT2

41
Q

______: Cl reabsorption
Paracellularly
Passive down ΔEC
Solvent drag

A

Early PT

42
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_: Cl absorption
Transcellular
Apical 2° active Formate/Cl- antiporter
Basolateral facilitated diffusion
Paracellularly
A

Late PT

43
Q

High H2O permeability (Contain AQP-1 channels): major role in concentration/dilution of urine
No active solute transport
Urea secretion via facilitated diffusion

A

Thin Descending Limb (tDL)

44
Q

does not reabsorb significant amounts of any solutes
impermeable to water
Urea secretion via facilitated diffusion

A

Thin Ascending limb (tAL)

45
Q

Impermeable to H2O and Urea
Major site of Na+, K+, Cl- reabsorption, H+ secretion
By end of Loop of Henle, more solute reabsorbed than H2O
Distal End of TAL forms part of JG apparatus

A

Thick Ascending Limb (TAL)

46
Q 
Parallels TAL in that it absorbs solute w/out H2O
Impermeable to H2O (and urea).
Reabsorbs ions
  -5% of Na+ & Cl-
  –Further dilutes filtrate
  –Diluting Segment
A

Early Distal tubule

47
Q

Na+-Cl-co-transporter in apical membrane moves Na+ and Cl-into cells from tubule lumen
Na+-K+-ATPase transports Na+into interstitium.
Cl- diffuses into the interstitium through channels in basolateral membrane.

A

Early Distal tubule

48
Q

What are the 2 cell types of the Late distal/ cortical collecting duct?

A

Principal cells and intercalated cells

49
Q

Principal cells and intercalated cells are part of what segment of the nephron?

A

Late distal/ cortical collecting duct

50
Q

60-70% of cells
Site of Aldosterone and ADH action
–Reabsorb Na+ and H2O
–Secrete K

A

Principal cells

51
Q

Late distal/ cortical collecting duct are completely impermeable to _____.

A

Urea

52
Q

Function important during acidosis
Secrete H+
Reabsorb K+ and HCO3-
1° Active Transport of H+across apical membrane can secrete H+against a great ΔC (1000:1)

A

Alpha Intercalated Cells

53
Q

Function important during alkalosis
Secrete K+ and HCO3-
Reabsorb H+

A

Beta Intercalated Cells

54
Q

Which intercalated cells secrete acids?

A

Alpha secretes acids

55
Q

Which intercalated cells secrete bases?

A

Beta secretes bases

56
Q

Processes < 10% of Na+ and H2O but very important (10% of 180 L).
Site of Aldosterone and ADH action
Urea reabsorbed via facilitated diffusion
Secretes H+ using same mechanism as α-intercalated cells.

A

Medullary Collecting Duct (MCD)

Phys exam 5 (9 decks)

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