Renal

Question 1

Early onset htn and bilateral upper abdominal masses plus proteinuria are suggestive of

Answer 1

Polycystic kidney disease

Question 2

Dx of adpkd

Answer 2

Abdo us

Question 3

Meds that increase natriuresis, decrease serum ang II concentration and decrease aldo production

Answer 3

Direct renin inhibitors (aliskiren)

Question 4

Really dehydrated kids should be rehydrated with

Answer 4

Normal saline (not half or quarter)

Question 5

When is ct abdo/pelvis necessary in uncomplicated pyelo?

Answer 5

If it hasn’t improved within 72 h

Question 6

Acute pyelo can result in gram ___ ___

Answer 6

Negative sepsis

Question 7

Tx for anemia related to ckd

Answer 7

Epo

Question 8

Se of epo

Answer 8

Htn

Question 9

Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia will not correct without ___ correction

Answer 9

Magnesium

Question 10

Urine calcium oxalate crystals are associated with

Answer 10

Ethylene glycol poisoning

Question 11

For every change in albumin of __, calcium changes in ___ direction by ___

Answer 11

One
Opposite direction
0.8

Question 12

Management of hypocalcemia

Answer 12

First check albumin to make sure hypocalcemia is real, then give iv calcium

Question 13

Tx of hypercalcemia

Answer 13

Iv fluids and bisphosphonates

Question 14

Bun/creatinine ratio in prerenal aki

Answer 14

> 20:1

Question 15

Bun/creatinine ratio in intrarenal aki

Answer 15

<15:1

Question 16

Urine sodium in prerenal aki

Answer 16

<20mEq/L

Question 17

Urine sediment findings in prerenal aki

Answer 17

Hyaline casts

Question 18

Muddy brown casts is pathgonomonic for

Answer 18

Atn

Question 19

Dx of kidney stones

Answer 19

Noncontrast abdo ct (ultrasound preferred for preg pts and children)

Question 20

Envelope shaped kidney stones are

Answer 20

Calcium oxalate stones

Question 21

Most common cause of calcium oxalate stones

Answer 21

Idiopathic hypercalcemia

Question 22

Coffin lid shaped kidney stones are

Answer 22

Struvite (ammonium mag phosphate stones)

Question 23

Rhomboid shaped kidney stones are

Answer 23

Uric acid stones

Question 24

Hexagonal shaped kidney stones are

Answer 24

Cystine stones

Question 25

Adpkd is associated with what kind of aneurysm

Answer 25

Berry aneurysm

Question 26

Analine dye is a rf for

Answer 26

Bladder cancer

Question 27

Bladder cancer is usually what kind of cancer

Answer 27

Transitional cell carcinoma

Question 28

Dx of bladder cancer

Answer 28

Cystoscopy with biopsy

Question 29

Bhcg in men think

Answer 29

Choriocarcinoma

Question 30

Middle aged smoker with left sided varicocele think

Answer 30

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 31

How does acetazolamide work

Answer 31

Increases bicarb and water excretion by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase

Question 32

Side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)

Answer 32

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 33

Most common use of acetazolamide

Answer 33

Glaucoma

Question 34

Acetazolamide helps prevent __ sickness

Answer 34

Mountain

Question 35

Thiazides ___ sodium and potassium

Answer 35

Loose

Question 36

Aspirin is cleared by the

Answer 36

Kidneys

Question 37

Symptoms of aspirin overdose

Answer 37

Ams Tinnitus N/v

Question 38

Management of postpartum urinary retention (inability to void or small volume voids)

Answer 38

Intermittent catheterization

Question 39

Central and nephrogenic di is a problem with

Answer 39

Adh

Question 40

Mechanism of tamsulosin

Answer 40

Alpha 1 antagonist that relaxes ureteral muscle

Question 41

Med to help passage of ureteral stone

Answer 41

Tamsulosin

Question 42

Antihistamines in elderly can cause urinary

Answer 42

Retention (detrusor hypocontractility)

Question 43

In adpkd, why can you feel right kidney and not left

Answer 43

Because right kidney sits lower than left

Question 44

Urinary alkalinization (ph>8) in uti raises suspicion for

Answer 44

Urease producing bacteria such as proteus

Question 45

Burr cells, also called ___, can be seen in peripheral smear in pts with __ dz

Answer 45

Echinocytes | Renal diseAse

Question 46

Confusion and abdominal pain can occur in pts with uremia due to renal failure, typically when bun is above

Answer 46

100

Question 47

Urinary incontinence in elderly what should you get initially

Answer 47

Ua-uti s are a big cause of urinary incontinence

Question 48

Tx of primary nocturnal enuresis

Answer 48

Desmopressin

Question 49

Side effect of metformin (renal)

Answer 49

Lactic acidosis in acute kidney injury - avoid until renal function improves

Question 50

Side effect of hydroxychloroquine

Answer 50

Retinal toxicity

Question 51

Hypovolemia results in ___ urine sodium

Answer 51

Decreased