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Step 2 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Early onset htn and bilateral upper abdominal masses plus proteinuria are suggestive of

A

Polycystic kidney disease

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2
Q

Dx of adpkd

A

Abdo us

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3
Q

Meds that increase natriuresis, decrease serum ang II concentration and decrease aldo production

A

Direct renin inhibitors (aliskiren)

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4
Q

Really dehydrated kids should be rehydrated with

A

Normal saline (not half or quarter)

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5
Q

When is ct abdo/pelvis necessary in uncomplicated pyelo?

A

If it hasn’t improved within 72 h

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6
Q

Acute pyelo can result in gram ___ ___

A

Negative sepsis

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7
Q

Tx for anemia related to ckd

A

Epo

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8
Q

Se of epo

A

Htn

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9
Q

Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia will not correct without ___ correction

A

Magnesium

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10
Q

Urine calcium oxalate crystals are associated with

A

Ethylene glycol poisoning

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11
Q

For every change in albumin of __, calcium changes in ___ direction by ___

A

One
Opposite direction
0.8

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12
Q

Management of hypocalcemia

A

First check albumin to make sure hypocalcemia is real, then give iv calcium

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13
Q

Tx of hypercalcemia

A

Iv fluids and bisphosphonates

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14
Q

Bun/creatinine ratio in prerenal aki

A

> 20:1

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15
Q

Bun/creatinine ratio in intrarenal aki

A

<15:1

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16
Q

Urine sodium in prerenal aki

A

<20mEq/L

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17
Q

Urine sediment findings in prerenal aki

A

Hyaline casts

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18
Q

Muddy brown casts is pathgonomonic for

A

Atn

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19
Q

Dx of kidney stones

A

Noncontrast abdo ct (ultrasound preferred for preg pts and children)

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20
Q

Envelope shaped kidney stones are

A

Calcium oxalate stones

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21
Q

Most common cause of calcium oxalate stones

A

Idiopathic hypercalcemia

22
Q

Coffin lid shaped kidney stones are

A

Struvite (ammonium mag phosphate stones)

23
Q

Rhomboid shaped kidney stones are

A

Uric acid stones

24
Q

Hexagonal shaped kidney stones are

A

Cystine stones

25
Q

Adpkd is associated with what kind of aneurysm

A

Berry aneurysm

26
Q

Analine dye is a rf for

A

Bladder cancer

27
Q

Bladder cancer is usually what kind of cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

28
Q

Dx of bladder cancer

A

Cystoscopy with biopsy

29
Q

Bhcg in men think

A

Choriocarcinoma

30
Q

Middle aged smoker with left sided varicocele think

A

Renal cell carcinoma

31
Q

How does acetazolamide work

A

Increases bicarb and water excretion by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase

32
Q

Side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

33
Q

Most common use of acetazolamide

A

Glaucoma

34
Q

Acetazolamide helps prevent __ sickness

A

Mountain

35
Q

Thiazides ___ sodium and potassium

A

Loose

36
Q

Aspirin is cleared by the

A

Kidneys

37
Q

Symptoms of aspirin overdose

A

Ams
Tinnitus
N/v

38
Q

Management of postpartum urinary retention (inability to void or small volume voids)

A

Intermittent catheterization

39
Q

Central and nephrogenic di is a problem with

A

Adh

40
Q

Mechanism of tamsulosin

A

Alpha 1 antagonist that relaxes ureteral muscle

41
Q

Med to help passage of ureteral stone

A

Tamsulosin

42
Q

Antihistamines in elderly can cause urinary

A

Retention (detrusor hypocontractility)

43
Q

In adpkd, why can you feel right kidney and not left

A

Because right kidney sits lower than left

44
Q

Urinary alkalinization (ph>8) in uti raises suspicion for

A

Urease producing bacteria such as proteus

45
Q

Burr cells, also called ___, can be seen in peripheral smear in pts with __ dz

A

Echinocytes

Renal diseAse

46
Q

Confusion and abdominal pain can occur in pts with uremia due to renal failure, typically when bun is above

A

100

47
Q

Urinary incontinence in elderly what should you get initially

A

Ua-uti s are a big cause of urinary incontinence

48
Q

Tx of primary nocturnal enuresis

A

Desmopressin

49
Q

Side effect of metformin (renal)

A

Lactic acidosis in acute kidney injury - avoid until renal function improves

50
Q

Side effect of hydroxychloroquine

A

Retinal toxicity

51
Q

Hypovolemia results in ___ urine sodium

A

Decreased

Step 2 (16 decks)

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