CV Flashcards
Heart rate on ecg
300/# of large boxes between two consecutive qrs complexes
Thumb rule for axis on ekg
If both leads I and II are positive (qrs up), axis is normal
If lead I is up and lead II is down, they have LEFT each other (left axis deviation)
If lead I is down and lead II is up, they are heading RIGHT for each other (right axis deviation)
Each large box on ecg represents ___ seconds and ms
0.2seconds
200ms
Each small box on ekg represents how many Seconds/milliseconds
0.04 s
40 ms
Pr interval is usually between how many msec
120 and 200 (3-5 little boxes)
Pr interval is how long in av block
> 200ms
Qrs interval is usually how many ms? Which two patterns have a wider qrs
Normally <12ms
Lbbb and rbbb
Normal qtc interval
<440 ms
In normal ekg, r waves ___ in size compared to S waves between leads __ and __
Increase
V1 and v5
Poor r wave progression in precordial leads is a nonspecific sign of
Ischemia
How to detect right atrial enlargement on ekg?
P wave in lead II > 2.5mm
How to detect left atrial enlargement on ekg?
P wave width in lead II is >120ms, or terminal negative deflection in v1 is >1mm in amplitude and >40msec in duration
Lv hypertrophy on ekg
Amplitude of s in v1 + r in v5 or v6 is >35mm
Rv hypertrophy on ekg
Right axis deviation and r wave in v1>7mm
One big box on ekg is how many mm
Five
What is hepatojugular reflux
Distention of neck veins upon applying pressure to liver
Hepatojugular reflux is seen in what conditions
Heart failure or pulmonary htn
What is kussmaul sign
Increase in jugular venous pressure with inspiration
Kussmaul sign is seen in what two conditions
Cardiac tamponade and constrictive pericarditis
Systolic murmurs
A dashing cis (sys) mister
Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurg
Also mvp and flow murmurs
Describe mitral regurg
Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla
Describe mitral valve prolapse
Midsystolic click and then systolic murmur
Diastolic murmur types
Aortic regurg
Mitral stenosis
A daring missus, a disreputable diastolic damsel
Are diastolic murmurs normal or abnormal
Always abnormal