renal 6 Flashcards
tf body temp is highest from 3-6 pm
T lowest from 3-6 am
tf ovulation has .5 degree celcus dec in temp
f inc
homeotherms
maintain body temp in narrow range
major way to get heat from core to skin
convection
which of the following isnt a way to eliminate heat convection conduction radiation
radiation
convection
fluid movement
conduction
diffusion and collision of particles
bigger velocity
–> bigger gradient in temp (convection)
True false being in cold water increases the amount of heat that is lost from you
T water has higher heat capacity than air
wate vapour pressure on skin — with sweat and carries — because of the —-
inc;heat; gradient(water more pressure than air)
where do temp sensors exist
pre optic area and ant hyp, entire skin surface
tf temp sensory have merkel corpsucle
F have free nerve ending
example of acral skin
face lip finger
tf trunk and limbs have low conc of temp receptor
T
tf acral skin have higher onc of temp receptor
T(fine temp discrimination
tf when warm receptor stim there is depol and action potential
T ion channel open depol inc in AP
capsaicin
stim warm receptor
menthol and oil or wintergreen
stim cool sensation
tf in body core thermoreceptor there are only cold thermoceptors
F only warm
which is false about core thermceptors in brain in SC responds to 10 degree diff between mean can exist in muscles
responds to 10 degree diff between mean –> 2-4 degree
skin therm receptors tell u to turn on heat loss mech more agresive in hot env to turn on heat loss mech more agresive in cold env to turn on heat loss mech less agresive in hot env
to turn on heat loss mech more agresive in hot env
tf core body thermoceptors inc met rate same amt for diff skin thermoceptors.
F for higher skin thermoceptor the temp is less skin thermoceptors alter sensitivity to body core thermceptor
Brown adipose tissue
inc rate of metab
cutaenous ciruclation
inc blood to skin
vasocontrict to skin
less heat loss
TF ANS control cut circulation
T
shivering
invol clonic rhythmic contractions and relaxation
which of the following has noradrenagenic stim for cut circ of skin vasoconstrition vasodil of acral skin vasodil of non acral skin
vasoconstriction
tf vasodil of acral skin involves bypassing cap
t
tf vasodil of acral skin use symp ns
F doesnt
kallikrein is released in vasoconstrition vasodil of acral skin vasodil of non acral skin
vasodil of non acral skin
kallikrein; bradykin 1st second second 1st vasodil; comes from activated sweat gland involved in vasodil of acral skin
1st second
tf brown adipose tissue only found in infants
F
Infants
thin shell of fat and skin and more susceptible to heat loss
which 2 inc UCP T3 and FA FA and T2 protein kinase and T3 5 deiodinase and alpha 1 receptor
T3 and FA
in brown adipose tissue B3 stim by NE ultimately make Lipase (convert TG to FA) B3 stim by NE make 5’ deiodinase T3 converts to T2 via 5’ deiodinase
B3 stim by NE ultimately make Lipase (convert TG to FA)
TF in brown adipose tissue UCP reverse gradient of H + into inner mit membrane. ATP synthase does the opposite
T
Non shiver thermogenesis happens in
brown addpose cells
hyperthermia
core temp above limits
hyperthermia
hot humid env with phys activity
tf in hyperthermia inc in core temp by less radiative heat loss less conductive heat loss more evap heat loss 1 and 2
1 and 2
inc radiation and metabolism
cause hyperthemia
tf in hypothermia shivering and cutaneous constriction is sufficient
F not sufficienct have to get out of water
fever in hot env
heat loss mech off
fever in cold env
heat loss mech on
fever in—
fever in cold env
inc of temp in fever
improve t lymph proliferation
tf t lymphocyte proliferate greater in vitro when at 39 then 37 degrees Celsius
T
heat loss neurons on
fever i cold
shift balance point of temp of 37 dgress celcius
Fever or excersize
tf
at prox tubule k is reabs intracellularly and secondary to water and diffusion
F
reabs paracellularly
at the thick ascending limb
K is transferred to caps at basolateral membrane by
cotransport wih Cl
pump
channel
1 and 3
1 and 3
how does K get into tubular cell at luminal membrane
cotransport wih 2 cl and na
TF collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule
can reabsorb and sec K
T
hypokalemia (low plasma K) which cells in CD reab K
intercalated cells
tf principla cell secrete K into urine
T
Lot of K in diet
Principle cells work to take secrete K in CD andDCT
At basolateral membrane of Principle cells
K/Na atpase bring K into cell from cap
K/Na atpase bring K into cap from tubular cell
K channels bring K into tubular cell to be secreted
K/Na atpase bring K into cell from cap
What is on the lumanal membrane of principle cells to secrete K
K channel
K channels are on intercalated cells to
transfer K from lumen to Tubular cell
reabsorb K from tub. cell to cap
take ATP to reabs K
reabsorb K from tub. cell to cap
In urine
1-20% excreted of K
determine amt of K goes to urine
principle cells of CD
tf hyperkalemia stimulates NaK pump and inc. luminal permeability independent of Aldosterons sec.
T
inc plasma K levels will:
inc Na/K pump at prox tubule
inc. luminal permeability of CD
dec. aldosterone secretion
inc. luminal permeability of CD
inc. ald and inc. Na k pumps on basolater side of CD cells
aldosterone
insert transport proteins
and make transporter
acidosis
inc. k excretion
dec. K excretion
inc. K excretion
effect of inc. tubular flow
inc. k excretion
