Renal Flashcards
Renal tubular acidosis associated with:
abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
Type 1 (distal) RTA
Renal tubular acidosis associated with:
abnormal HCO3- reabsorption and rickets
Type II (proximal) RTA
Renal tubular acidosis associated with:
low aldosterone state
Type IV (distal) RTA
What is the treatment of hypernatremia?
NS if unstable vital signs
D5W or 1/2 NS to replace free-water loss
What is the differential diagnosis of hypotonic, hypervolemic hyponatremia?
1) Cirrhosis
2) CHF
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Acute kidney injury (AKI)
5) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Chvostek and Trousseau signs present in what electrolyte imbalance?
Hypercalcemia
What is the 2 most common causes of hypercalcemia?
1) Malignancy
2) Hyperparathyroidism
What electrolyte imbalance presents with T-wave flattening and U waves on ECG?
Hypokalemia
What electrolyte imbalance presents with peaked T waves and widened QRS on ECG?
Hyperkalemia
What is the treatment of hyperkalemia?
C BIG K
Calcium glutinate; bicarb; insulin; glucose; kayexalate
What is the first-line treatment for moderate hypercalemia?
IV hydration
Type of AKI in a patient with FeNA < 1%
Pre renal
A 49 year old man presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria. What is the diagnosis?
Nephrolithiasis
What is the most common type of nephrolithiasis?
Calcium oxalate
What is the test of choice for nephrolithiasis?
Non contrast CT
Ultrasonography shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. What is the associated brain anomaly?
Cerebral berry aneurysms
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, PCKD
What condition presents with:
hematuria, hypertension, oliguria
Nephritic syndrome
What condition presents with:
proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema
Nephrotic syndrome
What is the most common form of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
What kind of nephritic syndrome presents 3 days after URI (*normal C3)?
IgA nephropathy (Beger disease)
What condition presents with:
palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
What condition presents with:
glomerulonephritis with deafness
Alport syndrome
What condition presents with:
glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Goodpasture syndrome
What condition presents with:
red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis/ nephritic syndrome
What condition presents with:
eosinophils in urine sediment
Allergic interstitial nephritis
What condition presents with:
waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)
Nephrotic syndrome
What condition presents with:
muddy brown casts
Acute tubular necrosis