Infectious Disease Flashcards
What are the three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)?
Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease.
What are four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?
Fever, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough.
What is a nonsuppurative predisposing factor for acute sinusitis?
Post infectious glomerulonephritis.
What is the most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis?
Viral UTI.
Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms.
Encapsulated organisms - pneumococcus, mengingococccus, haemophilius influenzae, Klebsiella.
The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI.
10^5 bacterial/mL.
Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?
Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications.
A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. What is the diagnosis?
Coccidioidomycosis
What is the treatment for coccidioidomycosis?
Amphotericin B
What causes a non painful chancre?
Primary syphilis.
A “blueberry muffin” rash is a characteristic of what congenital infection?
Rubella.
What are the causes of meningitis in neonates?
Group B strep (GBS), E coli, Listeria.
What is the treatment of meningitis in neonates?
Gentamicin and ampicillin.
What are the causes of meningitis in infants?
Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H influenzae.
What is the treatment of meningitis in infants?
Cefotaxime and vancomycin.
What should always be done prior to LP?
Check for increased ICP; look for pailledema?
CSF findings: low glucose, PMN predominance
Bacterial meningitis
CSF findings: normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
Aseptic (viral) meningitis
CSF findings: numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
CSF findings: increased gamma globulins
MS
What initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days.
Cutaneous anthrax
What is the treatment for cutaneous anthrax?
Penicillin G or ciprofloxacin
What are the findings in primary syphilis?
Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms.
What are the characteristics of secondary Lyme disease?
Arthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell palsy, myocarditis.
Cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma
A 24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat.
Candidal thrush
What is the workup and treatment for candidate thrush?
HIV test; Treat with nystatin oral suspension
At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV+ patient?
<200 (txt with TMP-SMX)
At what CD4 count should mycobacterium avium-complex (MAC) prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV+ patient
< 50-100 (with clarithromycin/ azithromycin)
What are the risk factors for pyelonephritis?
Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflex, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones
How long is the neutropenic nadir post chemotherapy?
7-10 days
What is erythema migrans?
Lesion of primary Lyme disease.
What are the classical findings for endocarditis?
Fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrahes, Laneway lesions, Roth spots.
What causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease?
Parvovirus B19.
What organism causes branching rods in oral infection?
Actinomyces israelii
What organism causes weakly gram +, partially acid-fast in lung infection?
Nocardia asteroids
What organism causes painful chancroid?
Haemophilus ducreyi
What organisms cause infection in dog or cat bites?
Pasteurella multocida
What organism causes infection in gardeners?
Sporothrix schenckii
What organisms are associated with raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts?
Trichinella spiralis
What organisms are associated with sheepherders with liver cysts?
Echinococcus granulosus
What organism causes perianal itching?
Enterobius vermicularis
What organism is associated with pregnant women with pets?
Toxoplasma gondii
What organism causes meningitis in adults?
Neisseria meningitidis
What organism causes meningitis in elderly?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
What organism causes meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients?
Cryptococcus neoformans
What organism is associated with alcoholics with pneumonia?
Klebsiella
What organism is associated with “current jelly” sputum?
Klebsiella
What organism causes malignant otitis externa?
Pseudomonas
What organism causes infection in burn victims?
Pseudomonas
What organism is associated with osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture?
Pseudomonas
What organism is associated with osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient?
Salmonella
A 55 year old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain shows gram neg- rods.
What is the diagnosis?
Legionella pneumonia
A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how did he get it?
Lyme disease, Ixodes tick
What is the treatment for Lyme disease?
Doxycycline
A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?
S aureus or Staphlococcus epidermidis
What organism is associated with a patient who develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning.
Streptococcus viridians
