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CB Internal Medicine > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO)?

A

Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease.

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2
Q

What are four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Fever, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough.

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3
Q

What is a nonsuppurative predisposing factor for acute sinusitis?

A

Post infectious glomerulonephritis.

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4
Q

What is the most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis?

A

Viral UTI.

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5
Q

Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms.

A

Encapsulated organisms - pneumococcus, mengingococccus, haemophilius influenzae, Klebsiella.

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6
Q

The number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI.

A

10^5 bacterial/mL.

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7
Q

Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?

A

Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of high risk of complications.

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8
Q

A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. What is the diagnosis?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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9
Q

What is the treatment for coccidioidomycosis?

A

Amphotericin B

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10
Q

What causes a non painful chancre?

A

Primary syphilis.

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11
Q

A “blueberry muffin” rash is a characteristic of what congenital infection?

A

Rubella.

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12
Q

What are the causes of meningitis in neonates?

A

Group B strep (GBS), E coli, Listeria.

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13
Q

What is the treatment of meningitis in neonates?

A

Gentamicin and ampicillin.

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14
Q

What are the causes of meningitis in infants?

A

Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H influenzae.

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15
Q

What is the treatment of meningitis in infants?

A

Cefotaxime and vancomycin.

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16
Q

What should always be done prior to LP?

A

Check for increased ICP; look for pailledema?

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17
Q

CSF findings: low glucose, PMN predominance

A

Bacterial meningitis

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18
Q

CSF findings: normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance

A

Aseptic (viral) meningitis

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19
Q

CSF findings: numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

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20
Q

CSF findings: increased gamma globulins

A

MS

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21
Q

What initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days.

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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22
Q

What is the treatment for cutaneous anthrax?

A

Penicillin G or ciprofloxacin

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23
Q

What are the findings in primary syphilis?

A

Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms.

24
Q

What are the characteristics of secondary Lyme disease?

A

Arthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell palsy, myocarditis.

25
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma

26
Q

A 24-year-old man presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat.

A

Candidal thrush

27
Q

What is the workup and treatment for candidate thrush?

A

HIV test; Treat with nystatin oral suspension

28
Q

At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV+ patient?

A

<200 (txt with TMP-SMX)

29
Q

At what CD4 count should mycobacterium avium-complex (MAC) prophylaxis be initiated in an HIV+ patient

A

< 50-100 (with clarithromycin/ azithromycin)

30
Q

What are the risk factors for pyelonephritis?

A

Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflex, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones

31
Q

How long is the neutropenic nadir post chemotherapy?

A

7-10 days

32
Q

What is erythema migrans?

A

Lesion of primary Lyme disease.

33
Q

What are the classical findings for endocarditis?

A

Fever, heart murmur, Osler nodes, splinter hemorrahes, Laneway lesions, Roth spots.

34
Q

What causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease?

A

Parvovirus B19.

35
Q

What organism causes branching rods in oral infection?

A

Actinomyces israelii

36
Q

What organism causes weakly gram +, partially acid-fast in lung infection?

A

Nocardia asteroids

37
Q

What organism causes painful chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

38
Q

What organisms cause infection in dog or cat bites?

A

Pasteurella multocida

39
Q

What organism causes infection in gardeners?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

40
Q

What organisms are associated with raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts?

A

Trichinella spiralis

41
Q

What organisms are associated with sheepherders with liver cysts?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

42
Q

What organism causes perianal itching?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

43
Q

What organism is associated with pregnant women with pets?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

44
Q

What organism causes meningitis in adults?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

45
Q

What organism causes meningitis in elderly?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

46
Q

What organism causes meningoencephalitis in AIDS patients?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

47
Q

What organism is associated with alcoholics with pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella

48
Q

What organism is associated with “current jelly” sputum?

A

Klebsiella

49
Q

What organism causes malignant otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas

50
Q

What organism causes infection in burn victims?

A

Pseudomonas

51
Q

What organism is associated with osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture?

A

Pseudomonas

52
Q

What organism is associated with osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient?

A

Salmonella

53
Q

A 55 year old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain shows gram neg- rods.
What is the diagnosis?

A

Legionella pneumonia

54
Q

A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how did he get it?

A

Lyme disease, Ixodes tick

55
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline

56
Q

A patient develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?

A

S aureus or Staphlococcus epidermidis

57
Q

What organism is associated with a patient who develops endocarditis in a native valve after having a dental cleaning.

A

Streptococcus viridians

CB Internal Medicine (12 decks)

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