Renal

Question 1

Site of action for thiazide diuretics

Answer 1

Distal convoluted tubule’s

Question 2

Site of action for a loop diuretics

Answer 2

Ascending loop of Henle

Question 3

Site of action for aldosterone antagonist a.k.a. potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 3

Distal convoluted tubule’s and collecting duct

Question 4

Laboratory results suggestive of pre-renal conditions include

Answer 4

Urine sodium less than 25
urine osmolality greater than 500 fractional excretion of sodium less than 1%
fractional excretion of urea less than 35%
BUN: creatinine ratio greater than 15

Question 5

Laboratory results suggestive of intrinsic renal disease

Answer 5

Urine sodium greater than 40
urine osmolality between 200 to 300 fractional excretion of sodium greater than 3%
fractional excretion of urea greater than 50%
BUN creatinine ratio less than 15

Question 6

Respiratory Acidosis

PaCo2 changes correlation with Ph

Answer 6

Acute: 1mm HG increase causes .008 decrease in Ph.
Chronic: 1mm Hg increase in PaCo2 causes . 003 decrease in Ph

Question 7

Respiratory acidosis metabolic compensation

Answer 7

Acute for every 10 mm of Hg increase in PaCO2 the bicarbonate increases by one milliequivalents per liter.
Chronic for every 10 mmHg increase in PACO2 the bicarbonate increases by 5 mEq per liter

Question 8

EKG changes with hypocalcemia ?

Answer 8

Prolong QT interval

Question 9

EKG changes with hypercalcemia ?

Answer 9

Prolonged PR interval , short QT , wide QRS