Equipment

Question 1

Mapleson A circuit

Answer 1

Best at eliminating CO2 -best for spontaneous ventilation

Least efficient for control ventilation

Question 2

Mapleson D circuit

Answer 2

Most efficient for control ventilation least efficient for spontaneous ventilation

Question 3

Any liquid or gas flowing through a tube obeys which law

Answer 3

Poiseulle’s law

Question 4

Bernoulli principle

Answer 4

Can be used to describe what happens when the gas encounters and then flows around the float on a traditional flowmeter

Question 5

Effect of temperature and pressure on gas flow delivery through a flowmeter.

Answer 5

By affecting density and viscosity it affects accuracy of delivery. Temperature doesn’t varies that much so effect is negligible but changes in altitude affect flow more significantly.
High altitude- decreased pressure- flow greater than indicated.
At low flows- flow laminar - viscosity depended but viscosity not affected.
At high flows - turbulent- density dependent- affected by altitude. The decrease in density increases flow of gas - greater that what is indicated.

Question 6

Correlation of tidal volume to size of CO2 Canister.

Answer 6

For the greatest efficiency of absorption, the patients entire tidal volume should be accommodated within the void space of the container.

Question 7

Degradation of inhaled anesthetic agents ?

Answer 7

Sevoflurane interaction with KOH or NaOH ( KOH >naoh)

Possibly renal injury - but not clinically significant.

Question 8

Factors increasing compound A.

Answer 8

Low fgf
High absorbent temperatures
Fresh absorbent
Higher concentrations of sevoflurane
Use of Baralyme over soda lime
- Dehydration of Baralyme increases Compound A
- Dehydration of Sodalime decreases Compound A

Question 9

Absorbent can create carbon monoxide

Answer 9

Level of absorbent dryness, low fgf increases dryness 
High concentration of volatile 
High temperature 
Des>enflu>ISO>halo and sevo
Bara>sodalime