Renal Flashcards
How does Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor + high-altitude cause orthostatic hypotension?
Hypovolemia
Gentamycin + brown granular casts =?
acute tubular necrosis
ATN would show necrotic cells in which part of the nephron?
proximal collecting tubule (PCT)
What is secreted with occlusion of renal arteries/veins?
Renin
With nephrogenic DI, what will be the tubular osmolarity for PCT, JA, MCD?
All hypotonic
Whats the MOA for acetazolamide?
inhibiting bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal tubule
What are the microscopic findings in Goodpasture Syndrome?
- glom crescents
- linear IgG and C3
- no deposits on EM
What is the function of ANP/BNP?
released by atria/vents response to increased volume; may act as a “check” on RAAS = relaxes vascular smooth muscle via cGMP–> inc GFR, dec renin.
What does the obliteration of the urachus form?
median umbilical ligament
Which muscle is in charge of urinary continence and when injured can result in retrograde ejaculation?
Internal urethral sphincter
Which category of drugs helps decrease Na and K reabs in the distal nephron?
ACEI by attenuating the increase in aldosterone
Whats the eq for clearance of creatinine?
CCr = (Vol x Urine Cr)/ Plasma Cr
Which muscarinic antagonist is used to treat urinary incontinence?
Tolterodine
Which diuretic enhances Ca reabs?
Thiazides
Which drug should be avoided in AKI and crush injuries?
K-sparing diuretics (spironoloactone) bc they promote hyperK
What acid-base abnormality is commonly seen in cardiac arrest?
Mixed acidosis (hallmark = lactic acid)
What metabolic condition can cause resistance to ADH?
Hyperglycemia (prevents reabs of glucose –> changes medullar osmotic gradient –> ADH doesnt work)
What mechanism is responsible for the reabs of phosphate in the proximal tubule?
Na-PO cotransporter
Why does Cr clearance overestimate GFR?
Part of unfiltered Cr is secreted into the PCT which increases fractional delivery
What is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Fail of kidney to produce concentrated urine when there is enough ADH (receptor fail)
What is neurogenic diabetes inspidus(central)?
in adequate secretion of ADH
Which drug is contraindicated in nephrotic syndrome bc it can cause acute kidney fail?
NSAIDs
Ureteral obstruction leads to what change at the level of glomerular filtration?
increased hydrostatic pressure of Bowman space
