Endocrine/Reproduction

Question 1

What metabolite of glucose causes cataracts?

Answer 1

Sorbitol

Question 2

Treatment for prolactinoma?

Answer 2

dopamine agonist (bromocriptine, cabergoline)

Question 3

Greatest side effect of Metformin?

Answer 3

lactic acidosis (inhibit aerobic metab in muscles)

Question 4

What binds T4 in the blood?

Answer 4

globulin: TGB

Question 5

What kind of receptor does T4 bind to?

Answer 5

nuclear

Question 6

What part of the male anatomy contributes fructose to sperm?

Answer 6

seminal vesicles

Question 7

what structures crosses the ovarian vessels and are liable to accidental ligation during oophorectomy?

Answer 7

Ureter = flank pain from urinary retention

Question 8

What is the physio affect of epi on B2-adrenoreceptors?

Answer 8

uterine relaxation

Question 9

What is a Thyroglossal duct cyst?

Answer 9

in kids; presents as an anterior midline neck mass that moves with swallowing or protrusion of the tongue
= remnant of thyroglossal duct

Question 10

What weight-loss drug causes steatorrhea, change in lipid levels, and dec in fat-sol vits?

Answer 10

Orlistat

Question 11

How does the uterine artery connect to the maternal supply?

Answer 11

Internal iliac artery

Question 12

In which does organs does gluconeogenesis occur (in order)?

Answer 12

1. Liver
2. Kidney
3. Intestinal epithelium

Question 13

When would you suspect ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 13

1. 7 weeks gestation

2. low hCG levels (

Question 14

Why does portal hypertension result in gynecomastia/spire angiomata/female hair distribution?

Answer 14

decreased degradation of estrogens

Question 15

Which hormones would need to be immediately replaced in Sheehan Syndrome?

Answer 15

1. glucocorticoids (cortisol)

2. thyroid hormone

Question 16

Therapy with somatostatin analog will inhibit which 2 pituitary hormones?

Answer 16

1. GH

2. TSH

Question 17

Which atypical antipsychotic is known for significantly elevating prolactin levels?

Answer 17

Risperidone

Question 18

What is the most common secretory product of pancreatic/duodenal endo lesions?

Answer 18

gastrin (= peptic ulcers)

Question 19

How does pregnancy result in hyperthyroidism?

Answer 19

Preg = increase estro = increase TBG = increase T4

Question 20

What is the initiating event in pre-eclampsia?

Answer 20

Placental ischemia: bc abnormal trophoblastic invasion of maternal spiral arteries and impaired placentation

Question 21

What is the “female athlete triad”?

Answer 21

1. intense exercise
2. chronic dieting
3. skeletal issues

Question 22

What is exercise-induced amenorrhea?

Answer 22

Intense exercise + chronic dieting = suppresses hypothalamic secretion of GnRH = low FSH, LH, Estrogen

Question 23

What bony landmark is used to administer pudendal nerve block?

Answer 23

Ischial spine