Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Step 1 > Pulm > Flashcards

Pulm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the classic triad for sarcoidosis?

A

Nodular infiltrates + hilar adenopathy + noncaseating granulomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ideal location for thoracentesis?

A

7th, 8th or 9th intercostal space (always above the rib!), midway between the posterior axillary line and midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the histo hallmark to ARDS diffuse alv damage?

A

Alv hyaline membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can be used to treat pulmonary HTN? Well-known SE?

A

NO; methhemoglobinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For obstructive lung disease pts, which direction will see a max expiratory-flow volume curve shift?

A

Left (bc breathing at high lung vols)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is salmeterol used as prophylaxis in asthma pts?

A

long-acting beta2 agonist that prolonged increase in cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 clinical features would lead you to diagnose spont pneumothorax?

A
  1. decreased breath sounds in area that is hyper-resonant

2. radiolucency (dark) on chest xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute salicylate poisoning causes which acd-base abnormality?

A

resp alkalosis (metabolic acidosis after several hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mechanism behind aspirin-induced asthma?

A

Aspirin inhibits COX –> decrease prostaglandin bronchodilators relative to leukotriene bronchoconstrictors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to calculate alveolar ventilation?

A

resp rate x (tidal vol - dead space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At high altitude, what keeps arterial O2 normal?

A

increased hematocrit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which artery supplies the nasal mucosa? from where does it branch?

A

sphenopalatine; maxillary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drug is used to treat PCP in IC pts?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect does high altitude have on pulm arterial vessels?

A

Vasoconstriction due to Alv hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are PCO2 and PO2 values in room air compared to blood?

A

room air: higher PO2 and lower PCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main lipid component of surfectant?

A

di-palmitoyl-phosphatidyl-choline

17
Q

What is a chylothorax?

A

pleural effusion with lymphatic fluid that appears milky white with high lipids

18
Q

What causes chylothorax?

A

thoracic duct injury from trauma or malignancy (lymphoma)

19
Q

Whats the MOA of zileuton?

A

5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. Blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes

20
Q

What are “heart failure cells”?

A

hemosiderin-laden macrophages present with pitting edema

on bronchoalveolar lavage

21
Q

Which parameter is decreased to compensate for aplastic anemia?

A

mixed venous PO2

22
Q

Which class of drugs is used to treat atypical pneumo (m. pneumoniae)?

A

macrolides

23
Q

Where do foreign bodies aspirate when lying down?

A

Superior segment of right lower lobe

USMLE Step 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions