Renal Flashcards
What are the other three functions of the kidneys?
- Production of erythropoietin
- Gluconeogenesis
- adrenal glands are close
What are the two basic parts of the kidney?
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
What do we find inside the medulla?
Renal pyramids composed of nephrons
What do each pyramid drain into?
Renal pelvis through a papilla (this then goes to the ureter, bladder, urethra, and out)
What are the three main processes in the nephron?
Filtration
Modification
Excretion
What vasculature feed the glomerular capillaries?
Afferent arterioles
What do glomerular arteries feed into?
Efferent arterioles
Efferent arterioles turn into what ?
Peritubular capillaries (secondary network)
Glomerular capillaries are also referred to as?
Glomerulus
What is the epithelial encasement around the glomerulus called?
Bowmans capsule
In what order does the filtrate pass through the nephron?
Bowmans capsule Proximal tubule Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting duct Renal pelvis Ureter
What two types of nephrons are there?
Juxtamedullary (longer loops)
Cortical (shorter loops)
Efferent arterioles extending down part of the loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons are called what?
Vasa recta
What percentage of plasma is filtered as it passes through the glomerulus?
20%
What substance is just filtered and not reabsorbed?
Creatinine
What is filtered but partly reabsorbed?
Water
What is filtered and totally reabsorbed?
Glucose
What is filtered and added to through secretion?
Hydrogen ions
What three layers do glomerular capillaries have?
1-endothelium: fenestrated and neg charge
2-basement membrane
3-podocytes
How can you modify glomerular flow rate?
Constricting and dilating afferent and efferent arterioles
What structure in the distal tubule forms the juxtaglomerular complex with the walls of both afferent and efferent arterioles?
Macula densa
Co transport of Na brings what back into the cell from the tubule?
Glucose mainly
What leaves the proximal tubule? (Mainly)
Water, in response to osmotic pressure generated by na+ leaving
What are the two distinct regions of the loop of Henle?
Thin descending segment
Thick ascending segment
What is notable about the thin descending segment of the loop of Henle?
Very permeable to water but no transporters
What is notable about the thick ascending segment of the loop of Henle?
Not permeable to water but transports a lot of ions out
What two distinct cells are found in the distal tubule?
Principal cells
Intercalated cells
What do principal cells do?
Reabsorb na and water
Secrete k
What do intercalated cells do?
Reabsorb k and hco3
Secrete H ions
What happens when ADH is not present?
Causes distal tubule to be impermeable to water causing urine to be more dilute
What are collecting ducts very permeable to?
Urea
What 4 things do the kidneys regulate through excretion and absorption?
Electrolyte balance
PH
Volume
Waste excretion
