Renal

Question 1

What are the other three functions of the kidneys?

Answer 1

• Production of erythropoietin
• Gluconeogenesis
• adrenal glands are close

Question 2

What are the two basic parts of the kidney?

Answer 2

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Question 3

What do we find inside the medulla?

Answer 3

Renal pyramids composed of nephrons

Question 4

What do each pyramid drain into?

Answer 4

Renal pelvis through a papilla (this then goes to the ureter, bladder, urethra, and out)

Question 5

What are the three main processes in the nephron?

Answer 5

Filtration
Modification
Excretion

Question 6

What vasculature feed the glomerular capillaries?

Answer 6

Afferent arterioles

Question 7

What do glomerular arteries feed into?

Answer 7

Efferent arterioles

Question 8

Efferent arterioles turn into what ?

Answer 8

Peritubular capillaries (secondary network)

Question 9

Glomerular capillaries are also referred to as?

Answer 9

Glomerulus

Question 10

What is the epithelial encasement around the glomerulus called?

Answer 10

Bowmans capsule

Question 11

In what order does the filtrate pass through the nephron?

Answer 11

Bowmans capsule
Proximal tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal tubule
Collecting duct
Renal pelvis
Ureter

Question 12

What two types of nephrons are there?

Answer 12

Juxtamedullary (longer loops)

Cortical (shorter loops)

Question 13

Efferent arterioles extending down part of the loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons are called what?

Answer 13

Vasa recta

Question 14

What percentage of plasma is filtered as it passes through the glomerulus?

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

What substance is just filtered and not reabsorbed?

Answer 15

Creatinine

Question 16

What is filtered but partly reabsorbed?

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

What is filtered and totally reabsorbed?

Answer 17

Glucose

Question 18

What is filtered and added to through secretion?

Answer 18

Hydrogen ions

Question 19

What three layers do glomerular capillaries have?

Answer 19

1-endothelium: fenestrated and neg charge
2-basement membrane
3-podocytes

Question 20

How can you modify glomerular flow rate?

Answer 20

Constricting and dilating afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 21

What structure in the distal tubule forms the juxtaglomerular complex with the walls of both afferent and efferent arterioles?

Answer 21

Macula densa

Question 22

Co transport of Na brings what back into the cell from the tubule?

Answer 22

Glucose mainly

Question 23

What leaves the proximal tubule? (Mainly)

Answer 23

Water, in response to osmotic pressure generated by na+ leaving

Question 24

What are the two distinct regions of the loop of Henle?

Answer 24

Thin descending segment

Thick ascending segment

Question 25

What is notable about the thin descending segment of the loop of Henle?

Answer 25

Very permeable to water but no transporters

Question 26

What is notable about the thick ascending segment of the loop of Henle?

Answer 26

Not permeable to water but transports a lot of ions out

Question 27

What two distinct cells are found in the distal tubule?

Answer 27

Principal cells

Intercalated cells

Question 28

What do principal cells do?

Answer 28

Reabsorb na and water

Secrete k

Question 29

What do intercalated cells do?

Answer 29

Reabsorb k and hco3

Secrete H ions

Question 30

What happens when ADH is not present?

Answer 30

Causes distal tubule to be impermeable to water causing urine to be more dilute

Question 31

What are collecting ducts very permeable to?

Answer 31

Urea

Question 32

What 4 things do the kidneys regulate through excretion and absorption?

Answer 32

Electrolyte balance
PH
Volume
Waste excretion