renal

Question 1

what is the pronephros?

Answer 1

preliminary kidney, degenerates after week 4

what’s the goddamn point?

Question 2

what is the mesonephros?

Answer 2

interim kidney in 1st tri

then –> male genital system (Wolffian ducts)

Question 3

what is the metanephros?

Answer 3

progenitor of permanent kidney

appears week 5, develops thru weeks 32-36

Question 4

what is the ureteric bud?

Answer 4

from caudal end of mesonephric duct
gives rise to ureter, pelvises, calyces, collecting ducts
finishes canalizing by wk 10

Question 5

what is the metanephric mesenchyme?

Answer 5

induced by interaction with ureteric bud

differentiates to glomerulus through DCT

Question 6

which portion of the renal system is last to canalize?

Answer 6

ureteropelvic junction

** most common site of obstruction/hydronephrosis in fetus

Question 7

Potter sequence?

Answer 7

• • oligohydramnios is initiating factor
• -> compression of fetus –> limb deformities, facial abnormalities, chest compression –> lack of amniotic fluid in lungs –> pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 8

cause of death in Potter sequence?

Answer 8

pulmonary hypoplasia

Question 9

causes of Potter sequence?

Answer 9

ARPKD
obstructive uropathy (e.g. posterior urethral valves)
B/L renal agenesis

Question 10

what structure does a horseshoe kidney get “stuck” on?

Answer 10

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 11

do horseshoe kidneys work ok?

Answer 11

yes! normal function

Question 12

what other problems are horseshoe kidneys associated with?

Answer 12

ureteropelvic junction obstruction
hydronephrosis
renal stones
infection
aneuploidy (Down, Edwards, Patau, Turner)
renal cancer (RARE)

Question 13

nonfunctional kidney made up of cysts and connective tissue?

Answer 13

multicystic dysplastic kidney
bc of abnormal interaction bw ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme
unilateral more common –> asymptomatic, other kidney compensates (hypertrophy)

Question 14

bifid ureter?

Answer 14

due to bifurcation of ureteric bud before enters metanephric blastema
(or when two ureteric buds interact with metanephric blastema)

assoc with VUR and/or ureteral obstruction
increased UTI risk