cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

what does the truncus arteriosus become?

A

ascending aorta

pulmonary trunk

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2
Q

what does the bulbus cordis become?

A

outflow tract (smooth) of LV and RV

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3
Q

what does the primitive atrium become?

A

trabeculated part of LA and RA

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4
Q

what does the primitive ventricle become?

A

trabeculated part of LV and RV

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5
Q

what does the primitive pulmonary vein become?

A

smooth part of LA

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6
Q

what does the left horn of the sinus venosus become?

A

coronary sinus

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7
Q

what does the right horn of the sinus venosus become?

A

smooth part of RA

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8
Q

what do the R common and anterior cardinal vv become?

A

SVC

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9
Q

when does cardiac looping happen?

A

begins week 4
establish L-R polarity

** defect in L-R dynein –> dextrocardia (Kartagener!)

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10
Q

steps in atrial septation?

A

1) septum primum towards endocardial cushions, foramen primum narrows
2) foramen secundum forms in septum primum, foramen primum gone
3) septum secundum develops –> covers most of foramen secundum - residual = FO
4) septa fuse –> atrial septum
5) FO closes soon after birth bc of increased LA pressure

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11
Q

steps in ventricular septation?

A

1) muscular ventricular septum forms
2) aorticopulm septum rotates and fuses with muscular ventricular septum –> membranous interventricular septum
3) endocardial cushions grow, separate atria from ventricles and contribute to membranous portion of IV septum

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12
Q

steps in outflow tract formation?

A

1) truncus arteriosus rotates
2) neural crest and endocardial cells migrate –> truncal and bulbar ridges
3) ridges spiral and fuse –> aorticopulmonary septum
4) aorticopulmonary septum forms ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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13
Q

order of location of fetal EPOesis?

A

1) yolk sac (3-8 wks)
2) liver (6 wks - birth)
3) spleen (10 - 28 wks)
4) BM (18 wks - adult)

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14
Q

order of fetal Hgb production?

A

1) zeta and episilon = embryonic globins, gone by wk 8
2) alpha and gamma dominate until close to birth
3) gamma begins to decrease shortly prior to birth, while beta increases
4) by 1 year postnatal, almost all HBA1 (alpha2beta2)

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15
Q

O2 in umbilical vein?

A

PO2 = 30

O2 sat = 80%

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16
Q

what factors induce closure of ductus arteriosus?

A

increase in O2

decrease in prostaglandins

17
Q

derivative of allantois/urachus?

A

median umbilical ligament

18
Q

derivative of foramen ovale?

A

fossa ovalis

19
Q

derivative of umbilical arteries?

A

medial umbilical ligaments

20
Q

derivative of umbilical vein?

A

ligamentum teres hepatis - in falciform ligament