Renal

Question 1

In the nephron, substances that are reabsorbed from the renal tubules enter the

Answer 1

Peritubular capillaries

Question 2

The renal pyramids

Answer 2

are separated by renal columns
are found within the medulla of the kidneys.

Question 3

Reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting ducts

Answer 3

is regulated by hormones for some solutes.

Question 4

Which of the following structures are part of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 4

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
Glomerulus

Question 5

Reabsorption of nutrients (e.g. glucose, amino acids):

Answer 5

only occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 6

Filtration of plasma occurs in the:

Answer 6

Glomerulus

Question 7

Blood is delivered into the glomerulus via the ____ and drained from the glomerulus from the ______

Answer 7

Afferent arteriole,
Efferent arteriole

Question 8

What is the functional unit of the kidneys?

Answer 8

Nephron

Question 9

Concentration of urine relies directly on the:

Answer 9

medullary osmotic gradient and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

Where does internal respiration (gas exchange) occur within the kidneys?

Answer 10

At the vasa recta,
At the peritubular capillaries

Question 11

The internal urethra sphincter is under involuntary control while the external urethral sphincter is under voluntary control.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Cortical nephrons:

Answer 12

most abundant type of nephron in the body

Question 13

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the:

Answer 13

amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys each minute

Question 14

Kidneys

Answer 14

The kidneys are retroperitoneal

Question 15

Urea

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

Nutrients

Answer 16

100%

Question 17

Water

Answer 17

60%

Question 18

Bicarbonate HC03-

Answer 18

80%

Question 19

Sodium

Answer 19

60%

Question 20

The detrusor muscle:

Answer 20

compresses the bladder to expel urine.

Question 21

Which of the following is the pressure force DRIVING filtration at the glomerulus?

Answer 21

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Question 22

Which of the following are processes that occur in the nephron that lead to urine formation?

Answer 22

Glomerular filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

Question 23

Glomerular filtration:

Answer 23

is regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms

Question 24

The transport of urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder is the function of the:

Answer 24

Ureters

Question 25

Which of the following directly increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

Answer 25

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 26

Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of Henle compared to cortical nephrons.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which of the following stimulate the release of renin by the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) of the kidney?

Answer 27

Decreased renal perfusion (blood flow)

Question 28

Which of the following are functions of the kidneys?

Answer 28

-Regulation of blood pressure
-Regulation of blood volume and composition
-Regulation of blood pH (acid-base balance)

Question 29

Which of the following substances is most commonly secreted by the kidneys?

Answer 29

Hydrogen ions (H+)/acids

Question 30

Which of the following are processes that occur in the nephron that lead to urine formation?

Answer 30

Reabsorption
Secretion
Glomerular filtration

Question 31

Concentration of urine relies directly on the:

Answer 31

medullary osmotic gradient and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 32

Filtration of plasma occurs in the:

Answer 32

Glomerulus

Question 33

In the nephron, substances that are reabsorbed from the renal tubules enter the:

Answer 33

peritubular capillaries

Question 34

Correctly order the structures of the kidney through which filtrate/urine will flow:

Answer 34

Bowmans capsule
PCT
Loop of henle
DCT
Collecting duct
Renal calyx
Renal pelvis