Renal

Question 1

What is the Vertebral level of the Kidneys

Answer 1

T12 - L3

Question 2

What part of the kidneys lie on the transpyloric plane (L1)

Answer 2

Hilum

Question 3

What Muscles do the kidneys lie on

Answer 3

Psoas major, minor and Quadratus Lamborum

Question 4

What is the nerve supply to the kidneys

Answer 4

Sympathetic - T12 ; L1

Parasympathetic nerves - Vagus Nerves

Question 5

What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys

Answer 5

Para-aortic lymph nodes - L1

Question 6

Label this Diagram of the kindey

Answer 6

A. Interlobular Arteries and Veins 
B. Renal A 
C. Renal Vein
D. Ureter 
E. Renal Pyramid 
F. Minor Calyx 
G. Major Calyx 
H. Renal Pelvis 
I. Renal Capsule
J. Renal Medulla 
K. Cortex

Question 7

What would you find in the cortex of the kidney

Answer 7

Glomerulus, Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule and a bit of the LOH

Question 8

What do you find in the medulla of the Kidney

Answer 8

The LOH and Collecting duct

Question 9

Where do the renal artery and vein come off (which artery and vertebral level)

Answer 9

Just below the Superior Mesenteric A and at vertebral level L1-2

Question 10

Which renal A is longer and why

Answer 10

The right is longer as it needs to pass behind the IVC

Question 11

Which Renal V is longer and why

Answer 11

The left renal vein is longer as the vein sits in front of the Aorta (and under the SMA)

Question 12

Which Embryological structure forms the definitive kidney

Answer 12

Metanephros

Question 13

What embryologically forms from the ureteric bud

Answer 13

Collecting system - Ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyx and collecting tubules

Question 14

What embryologically forms from the metanephric blastema

Answer 14

PCT, DCT, LOH and glomerulus

Question 15

What embryologically forms from the cloaca

Answer 15

Bladder and Urethra

also known at the urogenital sinus

Question 16

What is this

Answer 16

Kidney, Cortex, Medulla - can see pyramid and collecting portion of kidney.

Question 17

What is this

Answer 17

Can see This is the cortex of the Kidney as can see the glomeruli with the bowman’s capsule.

Question 18

What is this histology image showing

Answer 18

It is showing the change from the cortex of the kidney to the medulla

Question 19

Which muscle does the ureter lie on

Answer 19

Psoas Major

Question 20

What crosses in front of the ureter in males

Answer 20

Vas Deferense (in pelvis) and Testicular arteries (in abdomen)

Question 21

What crosses over the ureter in females

Answer 21

the uterine and ovarian arteries and veins

Question 22

At what major vessel does the ureter cross superiorly

Answer 22

The location where the common iliac becomes the internal and external iliac

Question 23

What type of tissue is found in the bladder

Answer 23

Smooth Muscle

Question 24

What is the type of epithelium found in the bladder

Answer 24

Urothelial (transitional epithelium)

Question 25

What makes up the trigone of the bladder

Answer 25

2 ureteric orificies (meatus) | 1 Internal urethral meatus

Question 26

What is the Median umbilical ligament

Answer 26

It is a ligament found at the apex of the bladder and it is a remnant of the Urachus which is where urine drained in the first trimester. (it connects to the umbilicus)

Question 27

What type of tissue if the external urethral sphincter

Answer 27

Skeletal muscle

Question 28

What is this

Answer 28

Ureter

Question 29

What is this

Answer 29

Urinary Bladder

Question 30

What is this

Answer 30

It is a female urethra

Question 31

What is the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus

Answer 31

L1 - L4

Question 32

Label this diagram

Answer 32

``` Nerve Included: Illiohypogastirc Illioinguinal Genitofemoral Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Obturator Femoral ```

Question 33

What are the nerve roots of the nerves of the lumbar plexus

Answer 33

``` Illiohypogastric - T12 , L1 Illioinguinal - L1 Genitofemoral - L1, L2 Lateral femoral cutaneous - L2, L3 Obturator - L2, L3, L4 Femoral - L2, L3, L4 ```

Question 34

what is the nerve root of the sacral plexus

Answer 34

S1 - S4

Question 35

What is the nerve root of the lumbosacral plexus

Answer 35

L4 - S4

Question 36

Label This diagram

Answer 36

Nerves to include - Superior gluteal N - Inferior gluteal - Sciatic - Posterior femoral cutaneous - Pudendal

Question 37

What are the nerves roots of the nerves found in the sacral plexus

Answer 37

``` Superior gluteal - L4, L5, S1 Inferior gluteal - L5, S1, S2 Sciatic - L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 Posterior femoral cutaneous - S1, S2, S3 Pudendal - S2, S3, S4 ```

Question 38

What are the three constrictions of the ureter

Answer 38

- pelvicureteric junction - Pelvic inlet - Uritovesical junction