Endocrine Flashcards
Where in the skull is the Pituitary gland
Hypophyseal fossa (pituitary fossa)
Where does the anterior pituitary gland originate from
Oral ectoderm - Rathke’s Pouch
Where does the posterior pituitary originate from
Hypothalamus - Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)
What hormones are produces by the posterior pituitary
Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)
What are the lobes of the Pituitary gland
Anterior
Intermediate
Posterior
What are the cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and what do they produce
Acidophils - Pink - GH and Prolactin
Basophils - Purple - ACTH, FH, LH, TSH
Chromophobes - No colour
What is the name of the arteries that supply the pituitary gland
Hypophyseal arteries
What hypophyseal arteries supply the anterior and posterior pituitary
Superior hypophyseal - anterior
Inferior hypophyseal - Posterior pituitary
Where does the hypophyseal arteries orgionally come from
Internal carotid artery
What is the function of Hypophyseal portal veins
They allow a connection to form between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary for the transport of releasing hormones to activate hormones in the anterior pituitary.
Parts of the Thyroid Gland (draw)
What part of the body is the top of the thyroid gland level with
lower boarder of thyroid cartilage
At what level of tracheal rings is the isthmus of the thyroid placed
2nd - 3rd
What two strap muscles of the neck pass over the thyroid
Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid
What is the vertebral level of the Thyroid Gland
C5 - T1
What are the arteries that supple the thyroid gland
- Superior thyroid artery - from external carotid A
2. Inferior thyroid Artery - from thyrocervical branch of Subclavian A
What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland
Superior thyroid vein - drain into internal jugular
Middle thyroid vein - same
Inferior thyroid vein - Drain into brachiocephalic vein
What is this
Thyroid gland
- Follicle are the round things - they have simple non-stratifies cubital epithelium
- The colloid is the bit in the middle
- There is also C cells (parafolicular cells) that make calcitonin
What does the superior parathyroid gland develop from
fourth pharyngeal pouch
what does the inferior parathyroid glands develop form
third pharyngeal pouch
what is the blood supply to the parathyroid glands
Inferior thyroid artery
What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid gland
They drain into the internal jugular veins
What is this
Parathyroid gland - contains chief cells which are more in numbers and darker and also oxyphil cells which are lighter and less common. They both secrete PTH
How are the suprarenal glands peritonised
Retroperitoneal
What are the two main parts of the suprarenal glands (adrenal)
Cortex and Medulla
What is the adrenal cortex derrived from embryologically
mesodermal epithelium
what is the adrenal gland medulla derived from embryologically
Neuroectoderm
What are the layers of the cortex of adrenal gland and what do they secrete
Zona Glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoids - aldosterone
Zona Fasiculata - Glucosorticoids - Cortisol
Zona Reticularis - Sex Steroids - Testosterone
What does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete
Catecholamines - Adrenaline
What is the arterial supple to the adrenal gland
- Superior adrenal artery - Inferior phrenic A
- Middle Adrenal Artery - Abdominal Aorta
- Inferior Adrenal Artery - Renal Artery
What is the venous drainage of the adrenal gland
The right adrenal vein veins into the IVC
The left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein
What is the innervation of the adrenal gland
Coeliac plexus and greater splanchnic nerves (T10 - L1)
Where does the lymph drain into from the adrenal glands
Lumbar lymph nodes
What is this
The Adrenal gland - Can see the 5 layers - outer tissue capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata and Zona Reticularis and the inner medula
Draw and label the Pancreas
How is the pancreas peritonised
Retroperitoneal
At what vertebral level is the pancreas
L1 (transpyloric plane)
What is the arterial blood supply to the pancreas
Pancreatic branches of splenic artery
The head of the pancreas gets (Superior and Inferior pancreatic duodenal artery )
What is the venous drainage of the Pancreas
Head = Superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein Rest = Pancreatic veins via splenic veins
What is this
Pancreas
Cell types found in pancreas and what they secrete
Alpha - Glucagon
Beta - Insulin
Delta - Somatostatin
P / Gamma / F cells - Pancreatic cells
