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Anatomy 2nd Year > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the skull is the Pituitary gland

A

Hypophyseal fossa (pituitary fossa)

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2
Q

Where does the anterior pituitary gland originate from

A

Oral ectoderm - Rathke’s Pouch

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3
Q

Where does the posterior pituitary originate from

A

Hypothalamus - Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)

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4
Q

What hormones are produces by the posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH)

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5
Q

What are the lobes of the Pituitary gland

A

Anterior
Intermediate
Posterior

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6
Q

What are the cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and what do they produce

A

Acidophils - Pink - GH and Prolactin
Basophils - Purple - ACTH, FH, LH, TSH
Chromophobes - No colour

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7
Q

What is the name of the arteries that supply the pituitary gland

A

Hypophyseal arteries

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8
Q

What hypophyseal arteries supply the anterior and posterior pituitary

A

Superior hypophyseal - anterior

Inferior hypophyseal - Posterior pituitary

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9
Q

Where does the hypophyseal arteries orgionally come from

A

Internal carotid artery

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10
Q

What is the function of Hypophyseal portal veins

A

They allow a connection to form between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary for the transport of releasing hormones to activate hormones in the anterior pituitary.

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11
Q

Parts of the Thyroid Gland (draw)

A
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12
Q

What part of the body is the top of the thyroid gland level with

A

lower boarder of thyroid cartilage

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13
Q

At what level of tracheal rings is the isthmus of the thyroid placed

A

2nd - 3rd

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14
Q

What two strap muscles of the neck pass over the thyroid

A

Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid

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15
Q

What is the vertebral level of the Thyroid Gland

A

C5 - T1

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16
Q

What are the arteries that supple the thyroid gland

A
  1. Superior thyroid artery - from external carotid A

2. Inferior thyroid Artery - from thyrocervical branch of Subclavian A

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17
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

Superior thyroid vein - drain into internal jugular
Middle thyroid vein - same
Inferior thyroid vein - Drain into brachiocephalic vein

18
Q

What is this

A

Thyroid gland

  • Follicle are the round things - they have simple non-stratifies cubital epithelium
  • The colloid is the bit in the middle
  • There is also C cells (parafolicular cells) that make calcitonin
19
Q

What does the superior parathyroid gland develop from

A

fourth pharyngeal pouch

20
Q

what does the inferior parathyroid glands develop form

A

third pharyngeal pouch

21
Q

what is the blood supply to the parathyroid glands

A

Inferior thyroid artery

22
Q

What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid gland

A

They drain into the internal jugular veins

23
Q

What is this

A

Parathyroid gland - contains chief cells which are more in numbers and darker and also oxyphil cells which are lighter and less common. They both secrete PTH

24
Q

How are the suprarenal glands peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

25
Q

What are the two main parts of the suprarenal glands (adrenal)

A

Cortex and Medulla

26
Q

What is the adrenal cortex derrived from embryologically

A

mesodermal epithelium

27
Q

what is the adrenal gland medulla derived from embryologically

A

Neuroectoderm

28
Q

What are the layers of the cortex of adrenal gland and what do they secrete

A

Zona Glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoids - aldosterone
Zona Fasiculata - Glucosorticoids - Cortisol
Zona Reticularis - Sex Steroids - Testosterone

29
Q

What does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete

A

Catecholamines - Adrenaline

30
Q

What is the arterial supple to the adrenal gland

A
  1. Superior adrenal artery - Inferior phrenic A
  2. Middle Adrenal Artery - Abdominal Aorta
  3. Inferior Adrenal Artery - Renal Artery
31
Q

What is the venous drainage of the adrenal gland

A

The right adrenal vein veins into the IVC

The left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein

32
Q

What is the innervation of the adrenal gland

A

Coeliac plexus and greater splanchnic nerves (T10 - L1)

33
Q

Where does the lymph drain into from the adrenal glands

A

Lumbar lymph nodes

34
Q

What is this

A

The Adrenal gland - Can see the 5 layers - outer tissue capsule, zona glomerulosa, zona fasiculata and Zona Reticularis and the inner medula

35
Q

Draw and label the Pancreas

A
36
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

37
Q

At what vertebral level is the pancreas

A

L1 (transpyloric plane)

38
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic branches of splenic artery

The head of the pancreas gets (Superior and Inferior pancreatic duodenal artery )

39
Q

What is the venous drainage of the Pancreas

A 
Head = Superior mesenteric branches of hepatic portal vein 
Rest = Pancreatic veins via splenic veins
40
Q

What is this

A

Pancreas

41
Q

Cell types found in pancreas and what they secrete

A

Alpha - Glucagon
Beta - Insulin
Delta - Somatostatin
P / Gamma / F cells - Pancreatic cells

Anatomy 2nd Year (4 decks)

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