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Anatomy 2nd Year > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of external muscle layers of the abdomen from the outside inwards

A
  1. External oblique
  2. Internal Oblique
  3. Transverse abdominus
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2
Q

Draw and label the 9 quadrants of the abdomen

A
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3
Q

What are the openings of the diaphragm (vertebral level and what goes though)

A

T8 - Inferior Vena Cava
T10 - Oesophagus
T12 - Aorta

I Ate 10 Eggs At 12

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4
Q

What are the boarders of the foregut midgut and hindgut

A

Foregut - Pharynx to Duodenum
Midgut - Duodenum - Transverse colon
Hindgut - Transverse colon to Anal canal

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5
Q

What blood vessels supple the foregut midgut and hindgut

A

Foregut - coeliac trunk (T12)
Midgut - SMA (L1)
Hindgut - IMA (L3)

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6
Q

What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk

A

Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic

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7
Q

Draw a diagram of the venous drainage of the abdomen

A

The superior mesenteric vein drains straight into the the hepatic portal vein and the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein which then drains into the hepatic portal vein.

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8
Q

what who major veins in the abdomen merge to form the hepatic vein

A

Superior mesenteric and splenic

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9
Q

What is the foramen called that separates the lesser and greater omentum

A

Epiploic foramen

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10
Q

what organs are retroperitoneal

A
  • Suprarenal gland
  • Aorts / IVC
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Ureter
  • Colon (ascending and rescendin)
  • Kidney
  • Oesophagus
  • Rectum
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11
Q

what organs are intraperitoneal

A 
stomach 
Spleen 
liver 
Jejunum and ilium 
Transverse colon 
Sigmoid colon
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12
Q

what are the attachments of the greater omentum

A

greater curvature of stomach to anterior side of intestine

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13
Q

what are the attachments of the lesser omentum

A

underside of liver to lesser curvature of stomach

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14
Q

How long is the oesophagus

A

25 cm

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15
Q

What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus

A
  • Upper oesophageal sphincter (cervical)
  • Lower oesophageal sphincter ( Thoracic) (T11)
  • Diaphragmatic (T10)
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16
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophagus

A

C6 - T11

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17
Q

What is the blood supply to the oesophagus

A

Left gastric in abdomen

Inferior thyroid in abdomen

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18
Q

what is the venous drainage of the oesophagus

A

Azygous vein

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19
Q

What kind of epithelium is the oesophagus

A

Nonkeritanizing stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

what is this

A

It is the oesophagus -

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21
Q

What is this

A

It is the oesophagastric junction - stratified squamous moist (esophagus) to simple columnar (cardiac stomach),

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22
Q

Draw and label the parts of the stomach

A
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23
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter and what is its importance and function

A

It lies between the pylorus and the first part of the duodenum and it controls he exit of chyme form the stomach.

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24
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach

A

It all comes form the coeliac trunk

Lesser curvature - left gastric artery

Greater curvature - left and right gastro-omental arteries

25
Q

What is the venous drainage of the stomach

A

Gastro-omental veins drain into superior mesenteric veins

Gastric veins drain into hepatic portal veins

26
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

27
Q

What is this

A

It is the gastrodupduodenal junction - simple columnar epithelium (sheet gland) of the pylorus changes to a simple columnar epithelium of absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells in the duodenum. Additionally, the duodenum can be differentiated by its villi and by Brunner’s glands in the submucosa.

28
Q

What is this

A

It is the stomach fundus and body - The neck, the first part of fundic glands, contains mucous neck cells (darkly staining cells) and parietal cells. Mucous neck cells secrete a mucus different from that of the surface mucous cells. Parietal (oxyntic) cells, large, spherical and eosinophilic, are responsible for the HCl production in the stomach and also secrete gastric intrinsic factor.

You have the gastic pit which is the bit on top and then you have the gastric gland which is the long bit after the pit

29
Q

What is this

A

It shows the difference in the length oft he gastric pit and gland of the fundus vs the pylorus

Fundus of the left - had shorter gastric pit and longer gastric gland

where as the pylorus which is on the right is the opposite

30
Q

How many parts does the duodenum have and what are they called

A

4 (Superior, Descending, Inferior and Ascending)

31
Q

How is the stomach peritononised

A

Intraperitoneal

32
Q

how is the duodenum peritonised

A

The first segment in intraperitoneal

The rest is retroperitoneal

33
Q

What is the small opening in the duodenum where the pancreas and bile fluid enter

A

Sprinter of oddi - is the sphincter (hepatopancreatic ampulla is the opening)

34
Q

What is this

A

It is the duodenum - can see the villi and can also see bruners glands

Bruners glands - produce an alkaline mucus that counterbalances the acidity of the chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach.

35
Q

What does this show

A

This shows the Ileum at the bottom you are able to seethe payers patches

They are = Diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissues, forming a Peyer’s patch, are common in the lamina propria of the ileum on the side opposite the mesentery. Peyer’s patches are a part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).

36
Q

The difference between the duodenum and Ileum and jejunum

A

The duodenum and Jejunum are very similar in strucutre with the lonv villi, the difference would be the abdscence of bruners glands in the jejunum

37
Q

Where does the Ileum end

A

at the ileocoecal junction

38
Q

what is the blod supple to to the small intesting

A

Superior mesenteric A

39
Q

What is the venous drainage of the small intestine

A

Superior mesentetic V

40
Q

What are the three features of the large intestine that distinguish it from small intestine

A

Tenia Coli
Omental Appendices
Haustra (pouches)

41
Q

How is the large instesitn gperitonised

A

the whole thing is retroperitoneal apart form the transverse colon which is intraperitoneal

42
Q

Draw and label a diagram of the large intestine

A
43
Q

what two structures open into the caecum of the large intestine

A

Appendix and Ileum

44
Q

What is the blood supple to the large intestine

A

Ascending - Superior mesenteric
Transverse - Superior and inferior mesenteric
Descending - inferior mesenteric
Sigmoid - Inferior mesenteric

45
Q

what is the venous drainage of the large intestine

A

Ascending - superior mesenteric
Transverse - superior mesenteric
Descending - inferior mesenteric
Sigmoid - Inferior mesenteric

46
Q

How is the liver Peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

47
Q

What are the lobes of the liver and where are they located

A

Caudate it above
Quadtate - it below

They cant be seen from the front

You also have R and L lobes

48
Q

What are the ligaments of the liver

A
  • Coronary ligament
  • Falciform ligament
  • Triangular ligament
  • Round ligament
49
Q

What is the round ligament a remnant of

A

Umbilical vein

50
Q

What does the vascular comportment (functional compartment) of the liver look like

A

So the liver is made up of lobules that have a portal triad containing a portal vein, bile dict and hepatic artery.

The substance will move into the central vein and then the central vein will take it to the IVC and return it to the heart

51
Q

What is the importance of the hepatic portal vein

A

It supplies the liver with partially deoxygenated blood and allows the liver to carry out detoxification.

52
Q

Gallbladder anatomy

A

Fundus
Body
Neck
Cystic duct

53
Q

How does the gallbladder join onto the rest of the draining system (bile) - draw it

A
54
Q

How is the spleen peritonised

A

Intraperitoneal

55
Q

Does the spleen move with respiration

A

yes

56
Q

What are the structures at the hilum of the spleen

A

Splenic artery
splenic vein
Lymph vessels and nerves

57
Q

List some of the functions of the spleen

A
  1. Storage of RBC’s
  2. Immune response
    Filters blood
    Immunoglobulin G
    Phagocytosis
58
Q

What is this

A

LIVER - can see the lobules

59
Q

What is this

A

Pancreas - can see the ducts and cal also see the lighter bits are the islets of langerhans

Anatomy 2nd Year (4 decks)

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