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Anatomy 2nd Year > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of external muscle layers of the abdomen from the outside inwards

A
  1. External oblique
  2. Internal Oblique
  3. Transverse abdominus
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2
Q

Draw and label the 9 quadrants of the abdomen

A
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3
Q

What are the openings of the diaphragm (vertebral level and what goes though)

A

T8 - Inferior Vena Cava
T10 - Oesophagus
T12 - Aorta

I Ate 10 Eggs At 12

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4
Q

What are the boarders of the foregut midgut and hindgut

A

Foregut - Pharynx to Duodenum
Midgut - Duodenum - Transverse colon
Hindgut - Transverse colon to Anal canal

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5
Q

What blood vessels supple the foregut midgut and hindgut

A

Foregut - coeliac trunk (T12)
Midgut - SMA (L1)
Hindgut - IMA (L3)

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6
Q

What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk

A

Left gastric
Hepatic
Splenic

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7
Q

Draw a diagram of the venous drainage of the abdomen

A

The superior mesenteric vein drains straight into the the hepatic portal vein and the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the splenic vein which then drains into the hepatic portal vein.

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8
Q

what who major veins in the abdomen merge to form the hepatic vein

A

Superior mesenteric and splenic

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9
Q

What is the foramen called that separates the lesser and greater omentum

A

Epiploic foramen

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10
Q

what organs are retroperitoneal

A
  • Suprarenal gland
  • Aorts / IVC
  • Duodenum
  • Pancreas
  • Ureter
  • Colon (ascending and rescendin)
  • Kidney
  • Oesophagus
  • Rectum
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11
Q

what organs are intraperitoneal

A 
stomach 
Spleen 
liver 
Jejunum and ilium 
Transverse colon 
Sigmoid colon
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12
Q

what are the attachments of the greater omentum

A

greater curvature of stomach to anterior side of intestine

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13
Q

what are the attachments of the lesser omentum

A

underside of liver to lesser curvature of stomach

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14
Q

How long is the oesophagus

A

25 cm

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15
Q

What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus

A
  • Upper oesophageal sphincter (cervical)
  • Lower oesophageal sphincter ( Thoracic) (T11)
  • Diaphragmatic (T10)
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16
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophagus

A

C6 - T11

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17
Q

What is the blood supply to the oesophagus

A

Left gastric in abdomen

Inferior thyroid in abdomen

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18
Q

what is the venous drainage of the oesophagus

A

Azygous vein

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19
Q

What kind of epithelium is the oesophagus

A

Nonkeritanizing stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

what is this

A

It is the oesophagus -

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21
Q

What is this

A

It is the oesophagastric junction - stratified squamous moist (esophagus) to simple columnar (cardiac stomach),

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22
Q

Draw and label the parts of the stomach

A
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23
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter and what is its importance and function

A

It lies between the pylorus and the first part of the duodenum and it controls he exit of chyme form the stomach.

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24
Q

What is the blood supply to the stomach

A

It all comes form the coeliac trunk

Lesser curvature - left gastric artery

Greater curvature - left and right gastro-omental arteries

25
What is the venous drainage of the stomach
Gastro-omental veins drain into superior mesenteric veins Gastric veins drain into hepatic portal veins
26
what is the lymphatic drainage of the stomach
Coeliac lymph nodes
27
What is this
It is the gastrodupduodenal junction - simple columnar epithelium (sheet gland) of the pylorus changes to a simple columnar epithelium of absorptive cells (enterocytes) and goblet cells in the duodenum. Additionally, the duodenum can be differentiated by its villi and by Brunner’s glands in the submucosa.
28
What is this
It is the stomach fundus and body - The neck, the first part of fundic glands, contains mucous neck cells (darkly staining cells) and parietal cells. Mucous neck cells secrete a mucus different from that of the surface mucous cells. Parietal (oxyntic) cells, large, spherical and eosinophilic, are responsible for the HCl production in the stomach and also secrete gastric intrinsic factor. You have the gastic pit which is the bit on top and then you have the gastric gland which is the long bit after the pit
29
What is this
It shows the difference in the length oft he gastric pit and gland of the fundus vs the pylorus Fundus of the left - had shorter gastric pit and longer gastric gland where as the pylorus which is on the right is the opposite
30
How many parts does the duodenum have and what are they called
4 (Superior, Descending, Inferior and Ascending)
31
How is the stomach peritononised
Intraperitoneal
32
how is the duodenum peritonised
The first segment in intraperitoneal | The rest is retroperitoneal
33
What is the small opening in the duodenum where the pancreas and bile fluid enter
Sprinter of oddi - is the sphincter (hepatopancreatic ampulla is the opening)
34
What is this
It is the duodenum - can see the villi and can also see bruners glands Bruners glands - produce an alkaline mucus that counterbalances the acidity of the chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach.
35
What does this show
This shows the Ileum at the bottom you are able to seethe payers patches They are = Diffuse and nodular lymphoid tissues, forming a Peyer’s patch, are common in the lamina propria of the ileum on the side opposite the mesentery. Peyer’s patches are a part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).
36
The difference between the duodenum and Ileum and jejunum
The duodenum and Jejunum are very similar in strucutre with the lonv villi, the difference would be the abdscence of bruners glands in the jejunum
37
Where does the Ileum end
at the ileocoecal junction
38
what is the blod supple to to the small intesting
Superior mesenteric A
39
What is the venous drainage of the small intestine
Superior mesentetic V
40
What are the three features of the large intestine that distinguish it from small intestine
Tenia Coli Omental Appendices Haustra (pouches)
41
How is the large instesitn gperitonised
the whole thing is retroperitoneal apart form the transverse colon which is intraperitoneal
42
Draw and label a diagram of the large intestine
43
what two structures open into the caecum of the large intestine
Appendix and Ileum
44
What is the blood supple to the large intestine
Ascending - Superior mesenteric Transverse - Superior and inferior mesenteric Descending - inferior mesenteric Sigmoid - Inferior mesenteric
45
what is the venous drainage of the large intestine
Ascending - superior mesenteric Transverse - superior mesenteric Descending - inferior mesenteric Sigmoid - Inferior mesenteric
46
How is the liver Peritonised
Intraperitoneal
47
What are the lobes of the liver and where are they located
Caudate it above Quadtate - it below They cant be seen from the front You also have R and L lobes
48
What are the ligaments of the liver
- Coronary ligament - Falciform ligament - Triangular ligament - Round ligament
49
What is the round ligament a remnant of
Umbilical vein
50
What does the vascular comportment (functional compartment) of the liver look like
So the liver is made up of lobules that have a portal triad containing a portal vein, bile dict and hepatic artery. The substance will move into the central vein and then the central vein will take it to the IVC and return it to the heart
51
What is the importance of the hepatic portal vein
It supplies the liver with partially deoxygenated blood and allows the liver to carry out detoxification.
52
Gallbladder anatomy
Fundus Body Neck Cystic duct
53
How does the gallbladder join onto the rest of the draining system (bile) - draw it
54
How is the spleen peritonised
Intraperitoneal
55
Does the spleen move with respiration
yes
56
What are the structures at the hilum of the spleen
Splenic artery splenic vein Lymph vessels and nerves
57
List some of the functions of the spleen
1. Storage of RBC's 2. Immune response Filters blood Immunoglobulin G Phagocytosis
58
What is this
LIVER - can see the lobules
59
What is this
Pancreas - can see the ducts and cal also see the lighter bits are the islets of langerhans

Anatomy 2nd Year (4 decks)

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