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Anatomy 2nd Year > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Label this diagram of the skull bones

A
  1. Ethmoid bone
  2. Vomer
  3. Squamous part of temporal bone
  4. Mandible
  5. Parietal bone
  6. Sphenoid bone
  7. Frontal bone
  8. Palatine bone
  9. Lacrimal bone
  10. Zygomatic bone
  11. Nasal bone
  12. Inferior nasal concha
  13. Maxilla
  14. Occipital
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2
Q

Label the sutures of the skull

A

Coronal suture - frontal to parietal
Sagittal suture - parietal to parietal
lambdoid suture - occipital to parietal

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3
Q

What bone is the mastoid and styloid processes part of

A

Temporal bone

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4
Q

which bones make up the zygomatic arch

A

Zygomatic and temporal

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5
Q

Label this diagram

A 
Cribriform plate (ethmoid bone) 
Cristra galli (just above the cribriform plate) (ethmoid bone) 
Sphenoid bone (with lesser wing above and greater wing below) (can also see the pituitary / hypophyseal fossa) 
Temporal bone 
Occipital bone (with foramen magnum)
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6
Q

Label the air sinuses below

A

Red - Frontal air sinus
Green - Ethmoid air cells
Blue - Sphenoid air sinus
Brown - Maxillary air sinus

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7
Q

Label these muscles ( 9, 2, 15, 5, 11, 6)

A 
9 - Frontalis part of occipitofrontalis
2 - Temporalis 
15 -  Obicularis oris 
11 -  Obicularis oculi 
5 - Masseter 
6- Buccinator

Zygomaticus - from zygomatic bone to obicularis oris

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8
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression

A

Cranial nerve 7 - Facial Nerve

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9
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve (and what do they innervate)

A 
Temporal - frontalis , obicularis oculi 
Zygomatic - obicularis oculi 
Buccal - obicularis oris, buccinator 
Marginal mandibular 
Cervical - platysma
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10
Q

Function of obicularis oculi

A

opening and closing of eye

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11
Q

Function of Occipital frontalis

A

Retracts scalp, lifts up eyebrows

Fontalis part on its own will cause frown

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12
Q

What are the two parts of the obicularis oculi

A

Obrital part and palpebral part

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13
Q

what is the function of the buccinator

A

compress cheeks to prevent them getting bitten and keeps bolus in the middle of the mouth

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14
Q

what is the function of the platysma

A

lowers corner of mouth and lower lips and opens mouth

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15
Q

function of obicularis oris

A

produces movement of lips

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16
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

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17
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular devision of trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

What is the function of the temporalis muscle

A

Elevation and retraction of mandible

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19
Q

what is the function of the masseter muscle

A

Elevate mandible

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20
Q

what is the function of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

A

lateral - protrusion of mandible

medial - elevation of mandible

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21
Q

where to the pterygoid muscles attach to on the skull

A

they both attach to the lateral pterygoid plate on the sphenoid bone

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22
Q

label the different parts of the cerebral hemispheres (Basics)

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe (if you pull out the temporal lobe the insula is behind it)
Occipital lobe

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23
Q

what is the name given to the large fissure separating the two cerebral hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure - within the longitudinal fissure is a continuation of the dura matter called the falx cerebri

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24
Q

what connects the two hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

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25
Label the functional areas of the brain
Primary motor cortex Primary Sensory cortex Broca's area (44&45) (makes sure what you say makes sense) Wernicke's Area (comprehension of speech) (only have 1 wernicke's area) Primary visual cortex Auditory cortex (processes auditory information)
26
Which lobe of the brain contains the primary motor cortex
frontal
27
which lobe of the brain contians the primary visual cortex
occipital
28
which lobe of the brain contians the primary sensory cortex
parietal lobe
29
which lobe of the brain contains the primary auditory cortex
temporal
30
Label this diagram of the ventricles of the brain
Lateral ventricle 3rd ventricle 4th Ventricle
31
what connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle
foramen of munro
32
what connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
33
what produces the CSF and where is it found
The CSF if found in the lateral ventricle and is produced by the choroid plexus
34
What are the four rectus muscles of the eye
Medial rectus Lateral Rectus Superior rectus Inferior Rectus
35
Function of Superior rectus muscle of eye
Mainly elevates the eyeball but also adducts and medially rotates eye (intorsion)
36
Function of inferior rectus muscle
Depression, adduction and lateral rotation (extorsion)
37
Function of lateral rectus
Abduction of eyeball
38
Function of medial rectus muscle
Adduction of eye
39
What are the two oblique muscles of the eye
Superior oblique and inferior oblique
40
What is the function of the superior oblique muscle of eye
Depresses, abduction and medial rotation (intorsion )
41
what is the function of the inferior oblique muscle of the eye
Elevation abduction and lateral rotation (abduction)
42
What is the nervous innervation of the muscles of the eye
Superior oblique - Trochlear Nerve (cranial nerve 4) Lateral rectus - Abducens nerve (cranial nerve 6) Superior rectus medial rectus inferior rectus inferior oblique - oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve 3)
43
What is the levator palpebrae superioris and what is its innervation
Is is the extrinsic muscle of the eye that elevates the eyelid to open the eye Innervated by the oculomotor nerve
44
What is the importance of the sclera of the eye
It is the white part of the eye and it makes up 85% of the white of the eye. It is the place where the extraoccular muscles of the eye attach
45
what is the importance of the cornea of the eye
It makes up the rest of the fibrous layer of the eye. It is at the front of the eye and it is the bit where the light refracts
46
What is the function of the choroid of the eye
Layer of connective tissue and blood vessels which provide nourishment to the outer layer of the retina
47
What is the function of the ciliary body of the eye
Controls the shape of the lens and controls the aqueous humour production
48
What is the function of the iris of the eye
Diameters of the pupil due to smooth muscle fibres innervated by autonomic nervous system Oculomotor is parasympathetic so controls constriction of pupil optic nerve is sympathetic and carries the pupillary dilation fibres
49
What is aqueous humour and vitrous humour of the eye
Aqueous humour is clear fluid at front of eye. It is responsible for providing nutrients to eye and drain out any excess material waste from the eye. The vitrous humour is colourless and gel like it is located between the retina and lens and it mainly composed of water with additional protein, salt, sugar and collagen. It gives structure to the eye and protects the retina
50
What is the blood supply to the eye
ophthalmic artery
51
What is the blood supply to the eye
ophthalmic artery
52
What is the venous driange of the eye
Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
53
What are the main parts of the outer ear
- Helix - Antihelix - Antitragus - Tragus - External auditory meatus
54
Label the parts of the tympanic membrane you see here
Pars Flassida Malleus Annulus (fibrocartilage) Pars Tensa
55
What nerve is the chorda tympani a branch of
facial nerve
56
What is the route of the chords tympani through the ear
Passes between the malleus and incus and then leaves the cavity to join the lingual nerve
57
What type of joint are found between the ossicles of the ear
Malleus - Incus = synovial hinge | Incus - Stapes = Synovial ball and socket
58
What are two muscles related to the ear ossicles and what are their functions
Tensor Tympani and Stapedius Tensor tympani originates from auditory tube and attaches to the handle of malleus, - pulling it medially when contracting. It is innervated by the tensor tympani nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve. The stapedius muscle attaches to the stapes, and is innervated by the facial nerve. It protects the hearing apparatus when exposed to loud sound.
59
Label the parts of the ear
1. Auricle 2. External Auditory Meatus 3. Tympanic Membrane 4. Tympanic Cavity 5. Round Window (oval) 6. Eustachian Tube (auditory) 7. Cochlea 8. Vestibulocochlear nerve 9. Semicircular canals 10. Stapes 12. Incus 13. Malleus 15. Outer Ear 16. Middle Ear 17. Inner Ear
60
Which part of the temporal bone does the middle ear lie
Tympanic part
61
The inner ear consist of bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth. What lymph is found in each labyrinth
bony - perilymph | Membranous - endolymph
62
What is the function of the cochlea of the ear
sense organ for hearing
63
what is the function of the semicircular canals
Sense organ for balance
64
What are the two otolith organs in the ear and their function
Uticle and Saccule They help us maintain balance and orientation
65
What is the use of having a vestibulooccular reflex
It stabilize the gaze by moving the eyes in order to compensate for head and body movement
66
which foramen of the skull foes the facial nerve exit
internal auditory meatus
67
which other nerve also exits through the internal auditory meatus apart form the facial nerve
Vestibuloccular nerve
68
What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve
Parasympathetic - submandibular and sublingual gland | sensory - special sense to anterior 2/3 of tongue
69
Label all the bony parts on this
70
which bones forms the inferior nasal concha
inferior concha bone
71
Which bones form the nasal septum
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and vomer
72
what is the opening in the skull where the nose will go called
the piriform aperture
73
What bones form the roof of the nose
anterior and posterior nasal bones, frontal bone, ethmoid bone and body of sphenoid bone
74
what bones form the floor of the nasal cavity
palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones
75
which bone forms the superior and middle nasal concha
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
76
Label the ethmoid bone
77
what passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Cranial nerve 1
78
what attaches to the crista gali of the ethmoid bone
the anterior end of the falx cerebri
79
what type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity
Pseudostatified ciliated columnar epithelium
80
Draw and label and concha and meatus of the nose
81
what is the name given to the space above the superior concha
sphenoethmoidal recess
82
What main artery supplies the nose
opthamalic artery
83
what is the name for the anastomosis of arteries on the nose
Keisselbach area (littles area)
84
Where is the foramen caecum found in the tongue
At the back behind the vallate paillae and in front of the root of the tongue
85
What is the embryological significance of the foramen ceacum
The thyroid gland originates at the foramen cecum and then descends into the neck forming the thyroglossal duct which connects the forman ceacum tot eh thyroid gland. This usually disappears in but may persist in some individuals. The descent of the developing thyroid gland forms the thyroglossal duct – an epithelialised tract that connects the gland to its origin at the foramen cecum.
86
what is the sensory innervation to the tongue
Anterior 2/3 - general (touch pain) = V3 of trigeminal (mandibular) - Special = Chorda tympani from facial N Posterior 1/3 - Glossopharyngeal (IX) for general and special sensory
87
Name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue and what they do
Genioglossus - pulls the tongue anteriorly Hypoglossus - pulls tongue in (depresses it) Styloglossus - Pulls tongue in (posteriorly) Palatoglossis - Pulls tongue up to soft pallet when swallowing
88
Name the 4 intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior and inferior longitidunal Transverse vertical
89
What nerve is mainly responsible for the motor function of the tongue
Hypyglossal nerve
90
what is the only muscle of the tongue not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
Palatoglossus - vagus nerve
91
What is this
Tongue
92
What is the space celled between the tongue and epiglotis
Valecula
93
What is the space called between the epiglotis and oesophagus
Piriform fossa
94
Label this diagram
1. Optic canal 2. Superior orbital fissure 3. Foramen rotundum 4. Foramen ovale 5. Internal acoustic meatus 6. Jugular foramen 7. Formen magnum 8. Hypoglossal canal 9. Carotid canal 10. Foramen spinosum 13. cribriform plate
95
what place in the skull does the olfactory nerve pass though what is its function
Cribriform plate special sense of smell
96
What place in the skull does the optic nerve pass though what is its function
optic canal special sense of sight and carries sympathetic fibres to dilate pupil too
97
what place in the skull foes the oculomotor nerve pass through what is its function
Superior orbital fissure motor to all the extrinsic muscle of the eye apart form the lateral rectus and superior oblique
98
What part of the skull does the trochlear nerve pass though what is its funciton
superior orbital fissure
99
What part of the skull does the Trigeminal nerve pass though what is its function
Opthalamic - superior orbital fissure - sensation to scalp forehead and nose Maxillary - foramen rotumdum - sensation to from lower eye to upper lip Mandibular - foramen ovale - sensation to lower teeth and bottom of face, sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue as well as muscles of mastication
100
what part of the skull does the abducens nerve pass though what is its function
superior orbital fissure motor to the lateral rectus of the eye
101
what part of the skull does the facial nerve pass though what is its function
internal acoustic meatus special sensation of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue and motor to muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic to all glands apart from the parotid gland
102
what part of the skull does the vestibulocular nerve pass though what is its function
internal acoustic meatus special sensory of hearing and also maintainign balance
103
what part of the skull does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass though function
jugular foramen sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue and taste supplies parotid gland
104
what part of the skull does the vagus nerve pass though what is its function
jugular foramen smooth muscles of pharynx larynx and most of GIT
105
what part of the skull does the accessory nerve pass though what is its funciton
jugular foramen motor to trapezius and SCM
106
what part of the skull does the hypoglossal nerve pas though
hypoglossal canal supplies intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
107
Label the cranial nerves as they come out of the brainstem
108
Label as much of the brainstem as you can
109
where does the partiod gland open to in the mouth
by the 2nd upper molar
110
what passes through the parotid gland
- Facial N (CR.N VII) - External carotid artery - Retromandibular (vein)
111
is parotid gland endocrine or exocrine
exocrine
112
which jugular vein travles over the SCM muscle
External jugual vein
113
what nerve roots make the ansa cervicalis
C1- C3
114
what are the nerve roots of the cervical plexus
C1 - C4
115
what open into the 3 meatus of nose (superior, middle and inferior)
116
what type of joint in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Synovial hinge

Anatomy 2nd Year (4 decks)

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