Renal

Question 1

Exceptions to bilaterally enlarged kidneys in CKD?

Answer 1

1. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidneys
2. Diabetic neuropathy
3. Amyloidosis
4. HIV associated

Question 2

Chloride levels in renal tubular acidosis?

Answer 2

Raised

Question 3

What is acute graft failure

Answer 3

Happens within months of kidney transplant causes raised creatinine pyuria and proteinuria

Question 4

Risk of overusing Nacl therapy?

Answer 4

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Question 5

How to calculate anion gap and normal range?

Answer 5

Na+K+- Cl-+HCO3-

10-18

Question 6

What happens to haptoglobins In haemolytic uraemia syndrome?

Answer 6

Decreased

Question 7

What organomegaly does Amyloidosis cause?

Answer 7

Hepatosplenomegaly

Question 8

What drugs cause hyaline casts on biopsy?

Answer 8

Loop Diuretics

Question 9

How to prevent contrast induced nephropathy?

Answer 9

0.9 NaCl pre and post procedure

Question 10

Vomiting causes?

Diarrhorea causes?

Answer 10

• alkalosis due to loss of acidodic HCL

- normal anion gap acidosis due to loss of alkaline HCO3

Question 11

Diabetes insipidus blood results?

Answer 11

High plasma osmolality but if >700 excluded

Low urine osmolality

Question 12

What happens to the anion gap in aspirin overdose?

Answer 12

Raised anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 13

Raised Na+, Urea and normal Creatinine means?

Answer 13

Dehydration

Question 14

First line treatment in suspected prostate cancer (after PSA)

Answer 14

Multiparametric MRI

Question 15

What drug should be held in patients with a high risk of nephropathy having contrast?

Answer 15

Metformin for 48 hours

Question 16

Associations of Renal Cell Carcinoma?

Answer 16

Haematuria 
Loin Pain 
Abdnominal Mass
Left Hydroceile 
Secrete EPO, ACTH, PTH

Question 17

How long does it take for Finasteride to become effective?

Answer 17

6 months

Question 18

What does HIV nephropathy show on USS?

Answer 18

Bilaterally small kidneys

Question 19

What scan needs to be performed for patients presenting with AKI of unknown aetiology?

Answer 19

Renal ultrasound

Question 20

What are eosinophilic casts a sign of?

Answer 20

Tubulointestinal nephritis