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MRCP Part 2 > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

How is alports syndrome inherited?

A

X linked dominant

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2
Q

Why might patients with alport’s syndrome have a failing renal transplant?

A

Anti GBM antibodies

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3
Q

What does the renal biopsy of alports show

A

Splitting on the lamina densa resulting in a bsket weave appearance (only seen on electron microscopy)

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4
Q

What collagen is defective in alports syndrome?

A

Type 4

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5
Q

What are the common drug causes of acute interstitial nephritis?

A 
Penicillin 
Rifampicin 
NSAIDs 
Allopurinol 
Furosemide
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6
Q

Features of acute interstitial nephritis?

A

Fever, rash, arthralgia, eosinophilia, mild renal impairment

Sterile pyuria with white cell casts.

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7
Q

What is the best medication for lupus nephritis (maintenence treatment)

A

Mycophenolate

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8
Q

What are the classes of lupus nephritis?

A

1: Normal
2: Mesangial glomerulonephritis
3. focal segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis
4.Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis
5. Diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis
C6. Sclerosisng glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

What renal disease has the highest rate of recurrence after transplant?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (particular type 2)

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10
Q

Treatment for dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

A

Hypertonic saline

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11
Q

What renal disease does heroin cause?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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12
Q

What renal disease does hepatitis B cause?

A

Membranous nephropathy

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13
Q

What renal disease does hepatitis C cause?

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or membranous nephropathy

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14
Q

When does acute graft failure occur?

A

Less than 6 months

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15
Q

What causes acute graft failure of a kidney transplant?

A

Mismatched HLA

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16
Q

Why is there an increased risk of clots in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Loss of antithrombin 3 and plaminogen in the urine.

17
Q

high plasma osmolality and low urine osmolality

A

Diabetes insipidus

18
Q

Treatment of diabetes insipidus?

A

Cranial - desmopresson

Nephrogenic -thiazides

19
Q

Treatment of central diabetes insipidus?

A

Desmopressin

20
Q

Podocyte fusion

A

Minimal change disease

21
Q

Management of minimal change disease

A

Steroids

Cyclophosphamide is the next step if steroid resistant

22
Q

Prognosis of minimal change disease?

A

1/3rd have one episode
1/3rd have infrequent relapse
1/3rd have frequent relapses which stop before adulthood

23
Q

Criteria for diagnosis of AKI?

A

Rise in creatanine of 26 or more in 48 hours OR 50% rise in creatanine over 7 days OR fall in urine output to less than 0.5ml.kg/hour for more than 6 hours OR 25% fall in eGFR in children in 7 days,

24
Q

Causes of membranous glomerulonephritis?

A

idiopathic (anti phospholipase A2 antibodies)
Infections (hepB, malaria, syphillis)
Malignancy
Drugs (gold, penicllamine, gold, NSAIDS)
Autoimmune disease (SLE, thyroiditis, rheumatoid

25
Q

Treatment of membranous glomerulonephritis

A

ACE inhibitor or ARB

Immunosupression only used in severe or progressive disease (steroids + cyclophosphamine)

26
Q

Prognosis of membranous glomerulonephritis

A

1/3rd - spontaneous remission
1/3rd - remain prpteinuric
1/3rd - develop end stage renal failure

27
Q

Most common renal disease in SLE?

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (most common and most severe)

28
Q

Wire loop appearance on renal biopsy

A

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis

29
Q

Causes of membranoproliferative gomerulonephritis type 1

A

Cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C

30
Q

What is fanconi syndrome?

A

A general reabsorptive disorder of renal tubular transort in the proximal convoluted tubule that causes tyoe 2 renal tubular acidosis

31
Q

Causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ?

A 
Idiopathic 
HIV 
Heroin 
Alports syndrome 
Sickle cell
32
Q

Causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis?

A

Goodpastures
Wegeners granulomatosis
SLE, microscopic polyarteritis

33
Q

Treatment for peritoneal dialysis peritonitis?

A

Intraperitoneal vancomycin and ceftazidime

34
Q

Treatment of cystinuria?

A
  1. Hydration
  2. Potassium citrate
  3. D penicillamine
35
Q

Reduction of calcium renal stones?

A

Bendroflumathiazide

36
Q

Reduction of uric acid stones?

A

Allopurinol

MRCP Part 2 (11 decks)

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