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MRCP Part 2 > Haematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Haematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is methameglobinaemia?

A

Haemoglobin which has been oxidised from Fe2+ to Fe3+. This causes tissue hypoxia as Fe3+ cannot bind oxygen

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2
Q

Treatment idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura?

A
  1. Oral prednisolone

2. IVIG

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3
Q

Diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma?

A

One major and one minor criteria (or three minor criteria in an individual who has other sighs/symptoms)
Major
1. Plasmacytoma
2. 30% plasma cells in a bone marrow sample
3. Elevated levels of M protein in the blood or urine
Minor
1. 10 to 30% plasma cells in a bone marrow sample
2. Minor elevations in the level of M protein in the blood or urine
3. Osteolytic lesions
4. Low levels of other antibodies in the blood

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4
Q

Reversal agent for apixaban and rivaroxaban?

A

Andexant alfa

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5
Q

Reversal agent for dabigitran

A

idarucizumab

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6
Q

Treatment for a flare of acute intermittent porphyria?

A

IV haem arginate

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7
Q

Treatment of acute hereditory angio-oedema?

A

IV C1 inhibitor concentrte or FFP

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8
Q

Prophylaxis for attacks of hereditary angi-oedema?

A

Danazol

Tranexamic acid

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9
Q

Treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Plasma exchange

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10
Q

Causes of normoblastic macrocytic anaemia?

A 
Alcohol 
Liver disease 
Hypothyroid 
Pregnancy 
Reticulocytosis 
Myelodysplasia
Cytotoxic drugs
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11
Q

Smudge/smear cells

A

CLL

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12
Q

Treatment of essential thrombocytosis?

A

Hydroxycarbamide
Interferon alpha
Low dose aspirin reduced teh thrombotic risk

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13
Q

Causes of microcytic anaemia?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia
Thalassemia
Congenital sideroblastic anaemia
Lead poisoning

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14
Q

Complications of CLL

A

Anaemia
Hypogammaglobulinaemia (causing recurrent infections)
Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
Transformation to high grade lymphoma

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15
Q

What is richters transformation?

A

Leukemia cells enter the lymph node and change into high grade fast growing non hodkins lymphoma

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16
Q

Worst prognosis for hodgkins lymphoma (type)

A

Lymphocyte depleted

17
Q

Best prognosis for hodgekins lymphoma (type)

A

Lymphocyte predominent

18
Q

Reed eternberg cells

A

Hodgkeins lymphoma

19
Q

Most common type of hodgkins lymphoma

A

Nodular sclerosing

20
Q

What is paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

A

Acquired disorded leading to intravascular haemaolyssi.

  • Causes by increased sensitivity of cell membranes to complement due to lack of GPI.
  • Patients are more prone to venous thrombosis
  • Diagnosis by flow cytometry of blood to detect low levels of CD59 and CD55
21
Q

What type of Ig causes warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

IgG

22
Q

What type of antibody causes cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A

IgM

23
Q

causes of warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A
  • Idiopathic
  • Autoimmune disease such as SLE
  • Neoplasia (lymphoma, CLL)
    Drugs - methyldopa
24
Q

Causes of cold haemolytic anaemia

A

Lymphoma
Mycoplasma
EBV

25
Q

Blood results in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

A 
Anaemia 
Reticulocytosis 
Low haptoglobin 
Raised LDH and bilirubin 
Sperocytes and reticulocytes
Positive coombs tests
26
Q

Target cells

A 
Sick cell 
Thalassemia 
Iron deficiency anaemia 
Hyposplenism 
Liver disease
27
Q

Tear drop poiklocytes

A

Myelofibrosis

28
Q

Spherocytes

A

Hereditary sperocytosis

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

29
Q

Basophillic stippling

A

Lead poisoning
Thalassaemia
Sederoblastic anaemia
Myelodysplasia

30
Q

Howell Jolly Bodies

A

Hyposplenism

31
Q

Heniz bodies

A

G6PD deficiency

Alpha thalassemia

32
Q

Schistocytes

A

Intravscular haemolysis
Mechanical heart valve
DIC

33
Q

Pencil poikilocytes

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

34
Q

Burr cells

A

Uraemia

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

35
Q

Acanthocytes

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

36
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anaemia

37
Q

Gene translocation in burkitts lymphoma

A

C-myc

38
Q

Poor prognostic factors in CLL?

A 
Male sex
Over 70 
Lymphocyte count over 50 
Raised LDH 
TP53 mutation 
CD38 positive 
Deletion of 17p
39
Q

Treatment for ITP?

A
  1. Oral prednisolone

IVIG

MRCP Part 2 (11 decks)

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