Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Creatinine and chloride increased in the urine levels indicates

A

Renal dysfunction

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2
Q

Pyelonephritis is

A

Inflammation and infection of one/both upper urinary tracts - ureter, renal pelvis or the kidneys. The renal pelvis is the funnel like structure that drains urine into the ureter.

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3
Q

Acute Pyelonephritis is usually caused by

A

ascending infection bacteria start by colonising the lower urinary tract E.coli bacteria and often treated with fluoroquinolone (inhibitors of DNA replication).

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4
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis and recurrent kidney infection

A

Leads to fibrotic changes, prevents elimination of bacteria, tubular destruction, atrophy/dilation

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5
Q

Glomerulonephritis caused by

A

Primary injury to glomerulus including immunological disorders, drugs/toxins, infections (viral/bacterial) or ischemia and ROS

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6
Q

Pyelonephritis is also called

A

Renal dysfunction

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7
Q

Diagnosis of renal dysfunction

A

Elevated creatinine and blood urea, nitrogen (BUN) loss of h20, Na, k

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8
Q

A UTI

A

is an infection of the urinary tract (bladder/ureter/kidneys/urether)

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9
Q

Risk factors for pyelonephritis

A
Female sex,
Sexual intercourse,
Indwelling catheter,
DM,
Urinary tract obstruction,
vesicoureteral reflux (urine moves backwards from the bladder)
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10
Q

Vesicoureteral orifice is

A

the valve between urethra and the bladder only has a one-way opening.

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11
Q

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis

A

Fever,
nausea/vomitting,
Leukocytes increased WBC in blood and urine,
Flank pain,
increased cretanine and blood urea nitrogen.

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12
Q

Treament of acute pyelonephritis

A

Anitbiotics - fluroquinolones (inhibit DNA replication)

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13
Q

Complications of Pyelonephritis

A

Renal abcess or recurrent infections causing chronic pyelonephritis due to atrophy of tubules (papillary necrosis) and fibrous tissue

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