Inflammatory response Flashcards
The purpose of the inflammatory response is…
to isolate, inactivate and remove causative agent and damaged tissue
innate inflammatory response is
the 1st response to injury/infection
All immune cells are made in the bone marrow from…
stem cells, once mature - immune cells circulate in the blood and some enter tissues (macrophages - mature monocytes) , B cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells
An increase in eosinophils represents
allergic reaction (seen in atopic athsma), and elimination of parasites
signs of inflammation are
redness,
heat,
swelling,
pain
Events of inflammation
- Increased blood flow - dilation to increase blood flow to provide more oxygen and nutrients required for cellular processes of inflammation. Histamine is released by mast cells and heparin.
- Increased tissue fluid - fluid leaving the local blood vessels and entering IS spaces which is drained by lymphatic tissue. Tissue oedema can be harmful e.g respiratory passages.
- Migration of leukocytes neutrophils respond to local macrophages signalling cytokines so that neutrophils can squeeze through endothelial cells and enter the tissue. Macrophages become predominant 24 hours after injury and persist if inflammation is not resolved leading to chronic inflammation.
If resolution is not complete (damaged cell removal)
chronic inflammation can occur.
B cells
produce antibodies against antigens
T cells produced by thymus
remember a specific antigen
Inflammatory mediators allow two types of responses
Vascular response (dilation, outflow of exudate and increased permeability to remove invading trigger by lymph) Cellular response (cytokines recruit immune cells from the blood predominantly neutrophils to begin with and post 24 hours macrophages complete phagocytosis).
When the cause of damage cannot be cleared, chronic inflammation is indicated by
presence of macrophages and leukocytes which damage tissue
Older neutrophils
detect inflammation but have a decreased efficiency of getting to the source
Atopic diseases exaggerated by IgE mediators are
Type I hypersensitivites