Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam 3 > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what organ is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

renal functions (5)

A
  1. eliminated metabolic waste
  2. regulation of water and salts
  3. removal of foreign chemicals
  4. gluconeogenesis
  5. production of hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does the kidney maintain balance in the body

A

by regulating or balancing intake with excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a primary metabolic waste that the kidney excretes

A

urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is urea

A

nitrogenous waste from amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what salts are regulated by the kidney

A

Na+
Ca2+
K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what will the kidney do if there are not enough ions (Ca2+, Na+, K+)

A

produce horomone 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what organ is responsible for the bulk of gluconeogenesis and what part of the kidney helps that organ out with the process

A

the liver does most the gluconeogenesis but the cells in the cortex of the kidney help out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is gluconeogenesis

A

make glucose from proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what three hormones do the kidney produce

A

erythropoietin
renin
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

function of erythropoietin

A

regulated RBC synthesis in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of renin

A

reglate blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D

A

precursor to vitamin D so important to regulate Ca2+ absorption in the intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain the links between body fluid and how much fluid the kidney comes in contact with

A

fluid in the body is divided into extracellular fluid (33%) and intracellular fluid (67%)

extracellular fluid includes the interstitial fluid and the plasma (8% of total body fluid)

kidney only interacts with the plasma so comes in contact with very small portion of total body fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe location of kidney anatomically

A

retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

two main structural parts of the kidney

A

cortex

medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what parts of the nephron are located in the medulla and in the cortex

A

cortex: glomerulus and beginning of tubules (proximal convoluted tubule-PCT and distal convoluted tubules-DCT)
medulla: loop of henle and collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the main thing that happens in the cortex of the kidney in terms of the nephron

A

filtration

20
Q

what is the main thing that happens in the medulla of the kidney in terms of the nephron

A

concentrate and collect urine

21
Q

describe the pathway of emptying from the nephron to the exit of the body

A

tubules empty into the renal pelvis which goes to the ureter which goes to the urinary bladder which goes to the urethra and exits the body

22
Q

T/F: once filtration leaves the kidney in path to be excreted more absorption and secretion can occur

A

false; once filtration leaves the kidney nothing else can be altered

23
Q

what is ESRD

A

end stage renal disease

24
Q

what two forms exist of ESRD

A

chronic

Acute: shock, decrease blood pressure fast

25
Q

when does hemodialysis have to be used as treatment

A

chronic ESRD

26
Q

what is hemodialysis

A

blood taken from the patient’s body and filtered through exchangers, then blood is put back into the body

mimics kidney function

increasing number of patients are on dialysis

27
Q

patients who have ESRD have a reduced ability to…

A

eliminate nitrogenous wastes

28
Q

what happens when there is a build up of nitrogenous waste because the kidney cannot eliminate properly

A

build up of urea is converted to ammonia (can be toxic)

increase pH of oral cavity and blood

blood is alkalized

29
Q

list the four manifestations of ESRD

A

ammonia breath: bad taste and smell in the oral cavity

gingival enlargement: drugs patient may be taking to treat renal disease may cause this

xerostomia: because pH change in mouth may inhibit proper salivary gland function

tooth problems: premature loss, narrowing pulp chambers, necrosis under crowns

30
Q

two contraindications for ESRD patients

A
  1. nephrotoxic drugs should not be given
    -tetracylcine
    -acyclovir
    -aspirin and NSAIDs
    kidney will have to work too hard to eliminate these drugs causing damage
  2. patients more susceptible to bleeding due to destruction of platelets (don’t clot well-platelet function impaired)
    - poor wound healing
31
Q

why is it important the nephron is only one cell wall thick

A

to allow for exchange between blood and fluid inside tubule

32
Q

parts of a nephron

A

renal corpuscle:

PCT

loop of henle

DCT

collecting duct

33
Q

describe renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus and capsule

mass of capillaries

34
Q

PCT

A

convoluted tubule close to gomerulus

35
Q

loop of henle

A

can be long or short

has a descending limb and ascending limb

36
Q

DCT

A

convoluted tubule further from glomerulus

37
Q

collecting duct

A

can be shared by several nephrons

begins in cortex and extends down through medulla

38
Q

what portion of the nephron is primarily responsible for concentration of urine

A

loop of henle

39
Q

two types of nephrons

A

superficial/cortical: short loop neuron

juxtamedullary: long loop neuron (glomerulus close to medulla)

40
Q

why nephron type is better for concentration of urine

A

long loop or juxtamedullary (loop of henle is longer)

41
Q

which type of nephron is more common in our body

A

long loop nephron

42
Q

what are three main renal processes

A
  1. filtration
  2. secretion
  3. reabsorption
43
Q

what is filtration and where along the tubule does it occur

A

moving solutes from the glomerular capillaries into the tubular fluid in bowman’s space (renal capsule)

44
Q

what happens to the blood that does not filter into the renal capsule

A

continues onto the peritubular capillaries where can be involved in exchange with the rest of the renal tubule

45
Q

what does secretion mean

A

when substances are transported from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule

46
Q

what does reabsorption mean

A

body wants to hold onto the substance

substances are moved from the renal tubule to the peritubular capillaries

47
Q

what happens to the tubular fluid that remains in the renal tubules

A

excreted as urine

Physiology Exam 3 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions