RENAISSANCE CORE

Question 1

How did war in the renaissance aid the development of medicine

Answer 1

The use of gunpowder and flanking manoevures from the mid-1400s meant there were new injuries on the battlefield and this meant men like Pare were able to move medicine on

Question 2

What influental thing did Martin Luther do

Answer 2

He translated the Bible from its original Latin to Greek and started to question ideas from the Catholic church thatbhad been dominant theololgically , economically and socially

Question 3

How did Vesalius prove that Galen was infact wrong

Answer 3

Veslius performed his own dissections and discoverd that there was 2 bones made up from the jaws of an ape and so there must be 2 in a human jaw

Question 4

What did many people do in 1665 when the great plague hit despite medical developments

Answer 4

130 years after the like of Vesalius and Pare people still flocked to churches to pray to God to end disease and save them. Crosses were painted on doors of people who had the Plague which read “Lord Have Mercy on Ye Soul”

Question 5

What did Nicholas Culpepper belive caused disease

Answer 5

the position of the stars

Question 6

What did people think cured scrofula in the 1650s

Answer 6

Receiving the Kings touch (3000 people travelled to London each year to beg for the Kings touch to cure their “Kings evil”

Question 7

How was Pares success mainly due to chance

Answer 7

Had Pare not ran out of hot oil at the Battle of Milan in 1536, the ]n he would not of discoverd that creams and poultices worked better on gunshot wounds than cauterisation

Question 8

What did the goverment use to keep stats on the deaths in their country

Answer 8

Bills of Mortality were published to keep track of how people died, there was an appreciation that the plague spread quickest in the poorer parts of London

Question 9

What measures did the goverment put in place to prevent the plague spreading

Answer 9

“Searchers” were appointed to establish wether members of a household had contracted the Plague, and if so, the goverment appointed a constable was employed and placed outside their house while they were quarantined.

Question 10

What did the goverment do to many animales to prevent spread of the plague

Answer 10

They ensured rabbits, cats and dogs were beaten to death as they thought they might spread it

Question 11

At the plagues height how many people died a week

Answer 11

7000

Question 12

How was the plague finally stopped

Answer 12

An unusually cold winter struck London from October, the fleas that carried the plague soon died and the disease was eliminated

Question 13

What new method of communication was introduced during the Renaissance

Answer 13

The printing press was invented in Europe in the 1440s and introduced into England in the 1470s by William Caxton. It allowed Vesalius’s work such as the Fabric of the Human Body and his Compendiosa come to England.

Question 14

How did the printing press help share Pares work

Answer 14

The works of Pare, reached Elizabeth I’s surgeon, William Clowes who was hugely influenced by them and acknowledged Pare as the source for his treatments of burns using onions in 1956

Question 15

What was needed for scientific discovery to move on during the Renaissance Period

Answer 15

It required the patronage of a Royal(ie a European king or queen) many whom were more concerned about funding potetially lucrative Renaissance explorers such as Columbus or the Cabots, to discover new world, rather than medical advances

Question 16

Why was being rich important if you wanted the best service you could get for your health

Answer 16

If you were rich, then you could afford the best doctors money could buy (eg Charles II in 1685 had the best doctors working for him round the clock, purging him, giving him emetics and enemas as well as a cocktail of some 58 drugs to help treat his kidney disease - ultimately he died), howerver if you were poor you would go to a barber surgeon whom perfomed basic procedures

Question 17

How did economics help developments in medcicne

Answer 17

The establishments of hospitals were founded and supported by charitable gifts of private people eg Westminster Hospital in 1719, founded by a private bank, and Guy’s Hospital in 1724 founded by a merchant called Thomas Guy

Question 18

What did the French anatomist Jean Riolan brand Harvey as

Answer 18

a “quack” due to the fact he had drive and ambition to carefully research and experiment with ideas that directly challenged Galen and ,by extension, the Church

Question 19

Who was John Hunter and what did he do

Answer 19

Hunter was an early promoter of careful observation and the use of scientific method in surgeries. He was a pioneer of surgery and greatly improved the status of surgeons and he oversaw the training and development of hundreds of other surgeons using his techniques eg injecting himself with pus from a gonorrhoea patient to prove wether syphilis and gonorrhoea were the same disease

Question 20

Who was Jenner and what did he do

Answer 20

Edward Jenner was another high profile individual in the period 1500-1800. Jenner helped defeat smallpox vaccinating people with small amounts of a milder form of the disease (cowpox)

Question 21

What did Vesalius publish in 1538

Answer 21

The Six Tables - Six large anatomical drawings of the human body that directly challenged Galens theories

Question 22

When did Harvey publish the book “On the motion the Heart and Blood”

Answer 22

1628

Question 23

When did Thomas Sydenham publish Medical Observations

Answer 23

1676

Question 24

Who was Robert Hooke

Answer 24

An english scientist , head of experiments at the Royal Society. Used an early microscope to draw pictures of plant cells and fleas in the published in “The Micrographia”