CONFLICT AND TENSION

Question 1

What did Prime Minisiter Georges Clemenceau want from the TOV

Answer 1

1) Wanted Germany to pay reperations
2) Wanted to make sure Germany was too weak to attack France again

Question 2

What did Prime Minister David Lloyd George want from the TOV

Answer 2

1) He wanted Germany to be strong enough to trade with Britian
2) He wanted to protect the British Empire by taking Germany’s colonies and by reducing Germany’s navy

Question 3

What was President Woodrow Wilson worried about when discussing the TOV

Answer 3

Wilson was worried that being too harsh with Germany would risk starting another war

Question 4

Would were some of Wilsons 14 points

Answer 4

1) freedom of sea, which would allow any country to sail and trade wherever they wanted
2) allowing countries self determination (ability to rule themselves)
3) an end to secret treaties
4) returning Alsace Lorraine to France
5) forming an independant Polish state with access to the sea
6) the creation of a League of Nations, allowing countries to work together to solve problems

Question 5

Key disagreements about the TOV

Answer 5

1) Wilson wanted to focus on building a fairer world and preventing war. Clemenceau wanted Germany to be crushed
2) Clemencea wanted to reduce Germany’s military so France could not be attacked again. Lloyd George thought that a strong Germany was needed to stop the spread of communism in Russia
3) Lloud George opposed Wilson’s “freedom of the seas” because he wanted to protect Britian’s naval supremacy (Britian had the biggest navy in the world and controlled a lot of ports)

Question 6

What is article 232

Answer 6

Article 232 set out that Germany would have to pay reperations. In 1921, the final total was agreed 6.6 billion pounds

Question 7

What is article 231

Answer 7

Article 231 of the treaty was callled the “war guilt clause”. Germany and its allies had to take the blame for starting the war

Question 8

How much land did Germany lose

Answer 8

Germany lost more than 10%

Question 9

Who did Germany’s African colonies get given to

Answer 9

1) Togo and Cameroon went to France
2) German East Africa went to Britian

Question 10

What were the military restricitions on the TOV

Answer 10

1) Navy: 15,000 men, 1500 officers and six battleships. No submarines
2) Army: Capped at 100,000 (conscription). No armoured cars or tanks
3) Airforce: Germany was not allowed any airforce

Question 11

When did the communists attempt to overthrow the German government

Answer 11

January 1919

Question 12

When was the TOV signed

Answer 12

28 June 1919

Question 13

When was the Kapp Putsch

Answer 13

March 1920

Question 14

What was the result of Germany missing a reperation payment

Answer 14

The French invade the Ruhr industrial zone, intending to take German goods in place of the money owed

Question 15

When was the Armistice signed

Answer 15

11 November 1918

Question 16

When did Adolf Hitler’s party attempt to overthrow the government in the Munich Putsch

Answer 16

November 1923

Question 17

What did the Treaty of St Germain 1919 contain

Answer 17

1) Land was given to Italy, Romania and the new states of Poland =, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
2) Austria was told to pay reperations (but the amount was never fixed
3) Austria’s army was limited to 30000. No conscription was allowed, and no navy
4) Anschluss with Germany was forbidden

Question 18

What did the Treaty of Trianon 1920 contain

Answer 18

1) Land was given to Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria
2) Hungary was to pay reparations, but the economy collapsed and so it was unable to
3) Hungary’s army was limited to 35,000
4) No conscription was allowed
5) The navy was limited to three patrol boats

Question 19

What 3 new countries were formed after the TOV

Answer 19

1) Czechoslovakia
2) Yugoslavia
3) Poland

Question 20

League of Nations main aims

Answer 20

1) Prevent war
2) To encourage disarment
3) Improve working conditions
4) Tackle disease
5) Resolve disputes

Question 21

How would the LON prevent war

Answer 21

1) Replacing competing empires with a world of independant natiomn states
2) Protecting eachothers territorial rights
3) Replacing blocs of military alliance with a new system of collective security

Question 22

How would the LON encourage disarment

Answer 22

1) Expecting countries to cut their military capability to the minimum necessary
2) Working together on disarment to prevent a new arms race like the one that had contributed to pre First World War tensions

Question 23

How would the LON improve working conditions

Answer 23

1) Setting up the International Labour Organisation

Question 24

How would the LON tackle disease

Answer 24

1) Cooperating with thhe Red Cross
2) Leading international cooperation to prevent and control disease (eventually leading to setting up the World Health Organisation)

Question 25

How would the LON resolve disputes

Answer 25

1) Replacing secret diplomacy (managing international matters by secret negotiation) with open discussion
2) Agreeing to arbitration (mediation to reach agreement) and legal settlement of disputes
3) Setting up a Court of International Justice

Question 26

Which countries left the LON over disputes

Answer 26

1) Germany (1933)
2) Italy (1937)
3) Japan (1933)

Question 27

Why did the USA not joing the LON

Answer 27

The US Senate refused to allow the USA to join, fearing that it would lead to America being pulled into another war in Europe

Question 28

What the USAs new policy called towords future wars

Answer 28

Isolationism (not getting involved in foreign affairs)

Question 29

What was the Court of International Justice

Answer 29

Any country could take an issue to the court, and a team of 11 judges and four deputies woudl listen to both sides and make a judgement

Question 30

What was the Assembly

Answer 30

The Assembly worked like an international parliment. It met once a year, and every member nation could send representetives. The Assembly made descions about membership of the League

Question 31

What was the council

Answer 31

The council met more often than the Assembly. There was 8 members. The four permanent members were Britian, France, Italy and Japan. The four temporary members (increased to 9 in 1926) were elected for three years at a time

Question 32

Secretariat

Answer 32

It was the Leagues civil service. It ran the adminisitration of the League, and organised any non military action the League decided to take

Question 33

What the order in which the League dealt with disputes

Answer 33

1) Arbitration
2) Moral condemnation
3) Sanctions
4) Military Intervention

Question 34

Successes of The International Labour Organisation

Answer 34

1) Got 77 countries to adopt a minimum wage
2) Reduced the death rate amongst workers
3) Helped Greece set up sickness benefits

Question 35

Successes of the Commission for Refugees

Answer 35

1) Freed 427,000 of the 500,00 prisoners of warstill being helf after the war, and returned them home
2) Introduced an ID document for refugees
3) Resettled 1.5 million refugees from Russia

Question 36

Successes of the Health Committee

Answer 36

1) Sent doctors to refugee camps
2) Started and international campaign to kill mosquitoes, which spread malaria and yellow fever

Question 37

Failures of The Internation Labour Organisation

Answer 37

1) Failed to ban child labour
2) Failed to limit the working day to 8 hours

Question 38

Failures of the Commission for Refugees

Answer 38

1) In 1933, Germany vetoed an attempt to appoint a commissioner for refugees fleeing Germany

Question 39

Terms of the Locarno treaties

Answer 39

1) France and Germany agreed to work together for a peacful settlement of disputes
2) The Rhineland was made a neutral region / no country could send troops there
3) All countries agreed not to go to war with each other
4) All countries agreed to protect any country attacked by one of the others
5) Germany accepted the borders defined in the Treaty of Versailles, giving up the claim to Alsace Lorraine