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History Final #2 > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

The prince

A

Writer: Niccoló Machiavelli About the imperfect conduct of humans, and believed political figures could go to any expense to effectively rule and keep their rule

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2
Q

Machiavelli -

A
  • wrote The Prince
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3
Q

Humanism -

A

An art style that is based of classic Roman and Greek ideas, which focuses on human potential, achievements and the concept that God made us to do wonderful things

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4
Q

Gutenberg press -

A

Johann Gutenberg recreated a Chinese block printing device but it was too slow and made it movable, along with pressing all the blocks altogether simultaneously on one page. First book printed: BibleImportance: spreading and questioning ideas

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5
Q

Indulgences -

A

One of the main problems with the church in the renaissance where you pay money for the church to pardon your sins and believe you’ll get into heaven

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6
Q

Martin Luther -

A

Friar who starts Reformation by writing the 95 theses, posting them on the church, being copied and everyone following his ideas. Taught: salvation through faith (no $) Teaching needs to be based on the Bible All people are equal (don’t need priests) Eventually the Pope Leo 5 threatens to excommunicate him, he does nothing and get excommunicated. Accidentally created Lutherans.

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7
Q

Edict of worms -

A

When the Catholics meet and decided to outlaw Luther and declare him a heretic which led him to being shelter by Prince Fredrick

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8
Q

95 theses -

A

Formal statements telling the church what it’s doing wrong, stapled to church door & Gutenberg press copied it, spreading ideas.

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9
Q

Excommunication -

A

Banishment from the church which denies salvation

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10
Q

John Calvin -

A

Wrote: institutes of the Christian religion Created Calvinism: that is based on the ideas that: -only the “elect” go to heaven-predestination: God already knows what your gonna do, it’s fated, and it’s already determined if your going or not going to heaven-theocracy: government control by religious leader-very strict morals-started in Switzerland

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11
Q

English Henry VIII (8) -

A

Needs an heir, marries Catherine (bares a girl) so he wants divorce but the church (asks pope but he says no because he doesn’t wanna anger Catherine’s nephew, Charles V) won’t condone it so he creates the Anglican Church then marries Anne Boylen (bares Elizabeth) then beheads her, and continues to have 6 wives and one son, Edward: who rules at age 9 for 6 years and then Elizabeth takes over

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12
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A

Henry 8th first wife, aunt of Charles V (German king) Daughter: Mary

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13
Q

Anne Boylen

A

Henry 8th second wife who bares Elizabeth & gets beheaded based on a claim of adultery

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14
Q

Annulment

A

Set aside marriage by proving it’s not legal ex: Vegas wedding

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15
Q

Anglican Church (church of England) -

A

English Church instigated when Henry VIII had a temper tantrum because he couldnt marry Anne Boylen, then created by Elizabeth. Contains a mix of Christian & Presbyterian views like: Christian: robes, crucifixes Pres: English services, clergy can marry

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16
Q

Queen Elizabeth 1 -

A

Anne Boylen’s daughter, who takes over England after Edward and Mary. She brings it back to Presbyterian views & creates the “Elizabethan Era”. Problems: $ income $ (so she goes to America to get money)

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17
Q

Jesuits -

A

Society of Jesus

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18
Q

Ignatius of Loyala

A

Starts Jesuits to get people to stay Catholic & to create schools to stop the Protestant & Lutheran reformation

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19
Q

Huguenots

A

French Calvinists

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20
Q

Renaissance -

A

“Rebirth” 1350-1650

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21
Q

Naturalism

A

Art and literature based on reality

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22
Q

Vitruvian man

A

Author: Leonardo da Vinci - shows perfect human body- shows that we are made by God (with our hands and legs put we can create a perfect circle)

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23
Q

School of Athens

A

Author: Raphael - is a balance of chaos & harmony- contains all of the great Greek philosophers

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24
Q

David

A
  • SculptureCreator: Michelangelo - depicts perfect human body and David from David & Goliath
25
Q

Sistine Chapel

A

Painter: Michelangelo - in Rome - has a couple jokes in it when he got mad at Pope Julius 2 for not paying him

26
Q

Neo-Platonism -

A

Man is a reflection of divine power (better body, more perfect, more Godly)

27
Q

The last supper

A

Painter: Leonardo da Vinci

28
Q

Protestant Reformation -

A

“Protesting Princes” Created when German princes withdraw from Charles V rule (Germany)

29
Q

Who made the printing press?

A

Johann Gutenberg

30
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

Henry the 8th breaking away from the church & saying he is the absolute ruler

31
Q

Leonardo da Vinci -

A

Studied and dissected to understand natureCreated: Mona Lisa, last supper, vitruvian man

32
Q

Raphael -

A

Painter who wanted to show a world of harmony, order and balance Created: school of Athens

33
Q

Michelangelo -

A

Painter, sculpture and architectUsed Neo- Platonism Created: David, Sistine Chapel

34
Q

Patron -

A

People who financially supported the arts, usually popes

35
Q

Council of Trent

A

Collect all Catholics religious officials: Decide: - going to make churches beautiful (have Michelangelo paint) - faith & good works to go to heaven- church’s interpretation of the Bible is final

36
Q

Reasons the renaissance begins ?

A
  • cities (bigger population = education = new ideas) - wealth & ability to buy unnecessary items - professional artists (can make a living) - no more bubonic plague & worrying about food- Greek & roman heritage
37
Q

Hernán Cortéz -

A

Spanish explorer who took over the Aztecs because they all thought he was a god & by the time they figured out he wasn’t he had killed them all

38
Q

Montazuma -

A

Aztec leader that is overthrown by Cortéz

39
Q

Quetzalcoatl

A

“Feathered serpent” Aztec god, the god they think Cortez is when he comes.

40
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

city state that was the capital of the Aztec empire

41
Q

Mayans

A

People who came to America when there was a lang bridge in the ice age and were left there when it melted. They had a writing system, cared about the stars, created calendar and were scientifically and mathematically ahead of their time. Lives in South America and eventually went through a period of war and left into the jungle.

42
Q

Blood letting

A

Mayans believed that the soul is in the blood, so royal blood is the most powerful substance on earth, so the rulers would go onto temple & bleed themselves especially in tongue and genitals, supposedly would help it rain and keep the Gods happy

43
Q

Mayan ball game

A

Game where two teams played in a small hallway and tried to use all parts of their body but legs to get the ball in the hoop, the winning team was sacrificed

44
Q

Utopia

A

“No place”

45
Q

Vernacular

A

Common language, not Latin

46
Q

Humanism

A

Intellectual movement studying Greek & roman

47
Q

What does Machiavellian mean (like Niccoló Machiavelli) ?

A

Harsh, unethical

48
Q

Another world for secular

A

“Wordly”

49
Q

Ironic about Henry 8 story?

A

The girl he didn’t want (Elizabeth) rules outstandingly as a woman & Edward only ruled for 6 years

50
Q

Notable things Elizabeth 1 does ?

A

English navy defeated Spanish Armada which made her able to explore America & have power on the water (power shift),

51
Q

Where does The renaissance begin?

A

{Northern Italy} because they had patrons (Medici) & big populations

52
Q

Ninja turtles & their weapons

A

Leonardo da Vinci: sword- bestRaphael: little swords Michelangelo: nun- chunks Donatello: big stick

53
Q

Prince Henry the navigator

A

Navigator who came from Portugal and created a school for navigators. Lead many expeditions and led Portugal to be a leader in exploration.

54
Q

Treaty of tordesillas

A

Imaginary line created by the pope that let Spain sail west to get to Asia (by America) and Portugal was allowed to sail east to get to Asia

55
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquistador who took over Incas

56
Q

Encomienda system

A

Force labor of incas & Aztecs

57
Q

Prince Henry the navigator

A

Navigator who came from Portugal and created a school for navigators. Lead many expeditions and led Portugal to be a leader in exploration.

58
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquistador who took over Incas

History Final #2 (12 decks)

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