Renaissance Flashcards
What does renaissance stand for and why?
Re birth as science in this time is reborn and becomes scientific
How did new lands develop medicine in the renaissance?
Explorers, sailors and merchants used more accurate maps and discovered americas in late 1409s showing value of new discoveries. New foods and medicines brought back.
How did renaissance spread?
More people read about the ancient world and experimented wanting to share discoveries.
When was the printing press invented?
1451
What did the printing press allow them to do?
Share discoveries and print pages far more quickly and accurately than before about new and ancient discoveries that could quickly be spread.
How did new inventions help development?
New technology such as gunpowder meant new wounds and so doctors had to find new ways to deal with these.
How did art help development?
A new desire to show the human form in a new realistic detail led artists to study to body more carefully.
How did science develop?
A scientific method of learning began involving observation and experimentation. Scientists and doctors read Ancient Greek and Roman books and challenged old ideas such as sun circling the earth.
How did Florence help development?
In Florence, wealthy businessmen and traders paid educated scholars and artists to translate books leading to new discoveries and questioning what they were told.
How did religion help development?
For centuries people accepted what the church did but with the new Protestant church they began to question themselves.
Who was Andreas Vesalius?
Born in Brussels in 1514 and studied medicine in Paris and Italy. He was a professor at Padua.
What did Vesalius write?
The Fabric of the Human Body in 1543
What did Vesalius specialize in?
Anatomy
What was it like before Vesalius?
Doctors believed Galen was completely accurate and so had no need to dissect human bodies.
What did Vesalius do?
Encouraged dissection of corpses and challenged Galen. Wanted to make sure new students understood anatomy. Proved Galen worn about blood being pumped though heart and it could not pass through the septum. Performed and took records of human dissection. Published some of the earliest illustrated books on human anatomy.
What did Vesalius prove?
Galen was wrong as he had to rely on dissecting animals. He said it was vital for doctors to dissect human bodies and needed to test Galen’s ideas.
What did Vesalius discover?
There was 1 Jaw bone and not two.
What helped Vesalius succeed?
Artists drew for him
Printing press
Dissection allowed in certain places
Communication
Science and technology
Individual determinism
Who was Ambnoise Pare?
Born in France in 1510 and apprenticed to his brother a barber surgeon. Became an army surgeon and spent twenty years treating soldiers.
What did Pare specialize in?
Surgery
What book did Pare write?
Works on Surgery published in 1575
What was it like before Pare?
Wounds were treated by pouring boiling oil onto them to avoid infection and use red hot irons and doctors believed this would cauterize them.
What did Pare do?
He learnt to mix an own ointment of egg yolks, oil and roses and turpentine. An old Roman recipe to apply to wound instead of boiling oil as he ran out of oil. He created ligatures to stop bleeding by tying arteries rather than red hot irons.
When did Pare discover his ointment?
French battle of 1537
What did Pare prove?
He discovers that wound healed more quickly if boiling oil kit used and instead used bandages.
Was Pare accepted?
Many English surgeons followed his approach of observe, question and experiment.
What factors helped Pare?
War
Chance
Printing press
Individual skill
Who was William Harvey?
Born in 1578 in Kent and studied medicine at Padua. Worked as a doctor in London.
What was Harvey’s specialism?
The circulation of blood
What was Harvey’s book?
An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood in animals - 1628
What was it like before Harvey?
Many doctors still believed in Galen’s idea that blood was constantly being replaced by the liver as it burnt up in the body.
What did Harvey do?
He dissected live, cold blooded animals where hearts beet very slowly to see the movement of muscles in the heart. He dissected human bodies and pumped liquid through the heart to discover a one way system. He disapproved Galen and gave clear evidence. Predicted capillaries. Proved circulation and that blood is pumped through the heart and veins and arteries.
What did Harvey prove?
Blood flows around the body carried away from the heart in arteries and back via veins . Proved the heart acts as a pump and recirculates the blood so it does not burn up.
How was Harvey’s work received?
Outrage as it meant less bloodletting
What factors helped Harvey?
Technology - water pumps gave him the idea
Previous knowledge
Individual skill
Printing press
What new drugs were found in America by Christopher Columbus?
Quinine and tobacco
What did Pare prove to be useless?
Bezoar stone
