Renaissance Flashcards
key information for midterm
Political
types of gov, diplomacy, political leaders, voting parties
Military
weapons, war, armies, military leaders, strategy
Social
class, media, race, gender, disease
Economic
jobs, money, industry, trade, taxes, natural resources, labor
Cultural
religion, arts, language
Intellectual
ideology, philosophy, education
Renaissance
the rebirth of ancient Greek and Roman ideals (1300s to 1600s)
Secular
non-religious
Crusades
- one of the four long term causes
- Christians to take back the holy lands in exchange for indulgence
- loot cities, merchants set up trade routes, patrons bought art
Pope Urban II
head of Catholic church, started first Crusade
Silks and Spices
creates demand when merchants introduce them to Europe
Patrons
people that buy art, financial support to merchants, artists
Black Death
- started in Mongolia and arrived in Europe in 1347
- kills 1/3 of the population (spread by rats)
Feudal System
- a system in which lower class people were given land and protection by higher ranked people if they fought for them
“Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow you may die.”
- more patrons, more people spending money
- nobles start consolidating power, more patrons
- who said it?
Hundred Years War
- France v. England over who is king (Philip IV and Edward III)
Longbow
- helped lower class shoot down nobles from afar
- kings no longer have to worry about nobles anymore
- merchants and middle class get pol. power
Cannon
- helped lower class knock down nobles castles
- get pol. power and kings have to worry about nobles less
Great Schism
when the previous pope dies, Gregory IX, cardinals vs. french choose pope
- cardinals decide Urban VI and french later choose Clement VII
- anyone who is not French or English questions church and popes excommunicate each other
Urban VI
pope that cardinals choose during Great Schism
Clement VII
pope that French choose during Great Schism
Venice, Milan, Florence, and Genoa
- the four large cities (100,000+)
- have more patrons and more talent, more money
Humanism
a way of life centered on human interests or values, secular
expectations of a Renaissance Man / Woman
Man: athletic, artistic, educated, public service
Woman: graceful, inspire art not create it, educated, support for man in their life
Dante
wrote divine comedies
Petrarch
father of Humanism and sonnets, wrote about history humanities and Laura
forms of art like Linear Perspective, etc.
new Renaissance art techniques
Italian vs. Northern Renaissance artists
- Italian artists focused on individual and secular topics
- Northern artists focused on taking the ideas of Italy and using them to reform society and fix the problems
The Courtier
written by Castiglione, how to be a man of court
The Prince
written by Machiavelli, how to be a ruler (be feared rather than loved, do the right thing)
Christian Humanism
all about fixing societies problems
Christine de Pizan
- created instead of inspired art
- wrote the “City of Ladies”
Thomas More
wrote “Utopia” about the perfect place that doesn’t exist
Erasmus
wrote satire comedy, came up with the ideas that Luther preached
Printing Press
- 500x faster, more accurate, more topics allowed to be printed, cheaper
Describe the four long term causes of the Renaissance. How did political systems, social classes, the economy, education and religion change?
Crusades, Black Death, Great Schism, Hundred Years War
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
It was a peninsula which was good for trade, had lots of money, was in the middle of the Mediterranean, and had easy access to primary sources. There were four large cities near?
How did Castiglione describe the perfect courtier?
The right height, athletic, knowledge of weapons, tennis player, different types of activities, good judgement, just.
Describe the differences between the Renaissance Man and Renaissance Women. Give examples of both.
A man had to be athletic, artistic, helping community, and educated while a woman had to be graceful, inspire art, look after man in life, and educated if they had the money.
How did art change? How did literature change?
basically more diverse subjects
Is it better to be feared than loved? How would Machiavelli answer this?
he would say it’s better to be feared than loved because it’s a more effective tool for leaders
Why did the population begin to grow in Northern Europe after 1450?
Renaissance?
How did the Renaissance spread to the North?
Trade, travel, migration of artists and scholars.
Why is the Printing press better than copying works by hand?
it’s faster, more affordable, more accurate, and more topics can be spread
Describe the impacts of the Renaissance.
- new art techniques
- challenged traditional values and church
- led to exploration and reformation
How did the printing press impact society?
- literacy rates rose, printed more diverse topics
