Exploration Flashcards
Eric the Red
- Viking/ Norse
- discovers Greenland
Leif Ericson
- Vikings/ Norse
- discovers NA from Greenland and Canadian Coast to RI
Zheng He
- Chinese explorer
- travels to Saudi Arabia and East of Africa
- Chinese don’t get much credit for the Age of Exploration
Chinese credit in Age of Exploration
They don’t get much credit because they were so ahead in innovations and isolated themselves, Europe got ahead.
Phoenicians
- known for navigation
- made it to the Caribbean sea (on their coins)
Polynesians
- found DNA in South America (theory)
God, gold, glory
- convert others to Christianity, “Gods Will”
- silk and spice trade and beat Italian monopoly
- for fame, for explorer recognition, for country and king
Astrolabe
Navigation tool for latitude
Log System
For speed and direction in navigation.
Keel
Keep ship upright, balance with wind and sail.
Rudder
For steering
Lateen Sail
- triangle sails
caravel
ship that puts all of the new technology together for explorers and trade
Who was the first to start exploring?
Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
- establishes a navigation school (shipbuilders, math, astronomers, captains)
Gold Coast
10% of the world’s gold supply, located in West Africa
Bartholomew Diaz
- rounds the tip of Africa in 1488
Vasco Da Gamma
- 1497 makes it to Calicut, India and brings back silks and spices for 6 times the cost
Alexander VI
- makes the treaty of Tordesilla (Alexander VI treaty) in 1494
Vespucci
- sails up East of NA in 1499
Cabral
- finds Brazil in 1500
Treaty of Tordesilla
- splits the world between Spain and Portugal
Line of Demarcation
- the line in the treaty of Tordesilla splitting the world
Columbus
- sails from Spain in 1492 and finds islands in NA, thinks they are in China
- voyages to Caribbean (CR, Columbia, Venezuela)
- dies no $
Balboa
- crosses Panama and claims the pacific, proving they weren’t in China
Magellan
- first to circumnavigate the globe
- leaves w/ 5 ships and 1 comes back
Ponce de Leon
- looks for the fountain in Florida and claims it
Cortes
- leaves from Cuba and goes to Mexico
- fights Aztecs and is successful because they have better tech and weapons, SMALLPOX
- pretends to be Quetzalcoatl the GOD
Monteczuma
Ruler of Aztecs
Dona Malinche
- slave that helps Cortes
Pizarro
- explores Ecuador, Peru and conquers Inca people
Atahualpa
Inca emperor
DeSoto
- explores SE US to Mississippi
Coronado
- explores SW US, CO to KS
- brings horses with him changing American life
Valdivia
- claims Chile
Encomienda System
- gave landowners right to force North Americans to work the land
- Native American slave died too quickly or ran away so the importation of African slaves came into practice
The Caste System
- people are born into it
- Peninsulars are the highest position, white parents and born in Spain or Portugal
- Creoles are below them, white parents but born in New World (wealthy and educated)
- Mestizo/Mulatto are below them, white and NA parent, they are wage earners and laborers
- Slaves/ NAs
Verranzano
- explored for France up the East Coast of NA
Cartier
- explored entrance to St. Lawrence River Seaway
Champlin
- explored St. Lawrence River to Great Lakes
Marquette and Joliet
- explored Great Lakes, upper Mississippi river and Ohio river
LaSalle
- explored Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico
Cabot
- explored for England
- coast of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland
London Company
the first British settlement in NA
Hudson
- Hudson River and NY, NJ, DE for England
- Hudson Bay for the Dutch
New Amsterdam
Dutch Settlement
Colombian exchange
- exchange of goods between Europe and the New World
- Europe got corn and potatoes and NA got disease and HORSES
Trade Triangle
Between…
- slaves in Africa
- cash crops tobacco and sugar in the Americas
- guns and manufactured goods in Europe
Mercantilism
- a country’s economic policy
- power is determined by wealth
- favorable balance of trade to your country
