Ottoman Empire Flashcards
Arabian peninsula
- Islam develops here
Oasis
places in desert where Bedouins travel (nomadic tribes) to stay alive
Mohamed
- starts to have visions about Allah being the one God and him being the prophet
- preaches this, Meccans disagree spiritually
- flees to Medina where he converts Bedouins and they become his follower army
Mecca
They stone Muhammed’s followers, when he comes back with his army, he “converts” Meccan people
Medina
Where Muhammed flees to convert Bedouins.
Hegira
Muslim calendar
Five Pillars of Faith
faith, prayer, fasting, alms, pilgrimage
Faith
Allah is the one true god and Muhammed is his prophet
Prayer
5 times a day facing Mecca
Alms
2 percent of income to help the poor
Fasting
Ramadan
Pilgrimage
travel to Mecca at least once in your life, if you can go
Koran (Qu’uran)
Holy Book, written by Muhammed and in Arabic which helps spread their language
Byzantine Empire
by 1300s it was declining, Europe and Asia linked their empires by taking the Byzantine Empire in 1453
Osman
- gave the name Ottoman
- Anotolia in 1300s
- known for using gunpowder and arms
Orhan I
- Osman’s son
- takes the title ‘sultan’
- 1361 he takes Adrianople
Timur the Lame
- comes from Samurkand
- conquers the Ottomans
- tries to conquer China, but gets sick and dies
Mehmed I
- retakes Ottoman Empire
- kills his 4 brothers
Murad II
- defeats Venetians
- takes Hungary
Mehmed II
- conquers Constantinople (fall of Constantinople) in 1453 (21), which ends the Byzantine Empire (affecting trade, Renaissance, and expanding Ottoman empire)
- uses cannons and gunpowder
Selim the Grim
- conquers Saudi Arabia and parts of Africa
Suleyman
- largest expansion of Ottoman empire, which helps lead to it’s eventual downfall
- almost takes VIENNA
How did Islam spread so far so fast?
Mohammed’s words and teachings in the Koran
How did Constantinople fall?
Mehmed II conquered it
Science (Muslim achievement)
basic chemistry, astrolabe, arabic numbers, Hindu concept of zero
Medicine (Muslim achievement)
clean sheets = less infection
Architecture (Muslim achievement)
Domes/ Arches (taj mahal)
Art and Literature (Muslim achievement)
rubiayat, arabian nights (culture and films), saved ancient Greek and Roman sources
