Reformation Flashcards
key information for midterm
Pope Alexander VI
- had 5 kids even though he was a pope
- self-centered, not a good pope
John Wycliffe
Ideas:
- Christ is the true head of the church
- church should own no wealth, gets put on trial for heracy
Jan Huss
- only authority is Bible, service in vernacular
- everyone should get Eucharist
- burned for heracy and ideas don’t spread
Johann Tetzel
- sells indulgences bc his church needs a new roof
- claims he can get you deceased loved ones into Heaven
Martin Luther
- wrote the 95 theses
- church responded by saying Luther was just another drunk monk, threatens to excommunicate
German Princes
backed Luther to gain more power, land, and to stop the church
95 Theses
- written in 1517, Wittenburg by Luther
- spark that started the Reformation
- response to John Tetzel scamming everyone
- nailed to church doors and ideas spread bc of printing press
Leo X
- says Luther is just another drunk monk
- 1520 he threatens to excommunicate Luther
Charles V (of HRE)
- 1521 calls for Diet of Worms, court case against Luther guilty of heracy and then Edict of Worms banishing Luther
Diet of Worms
Court session for Lither at the court of worms
Edict of Worms
Ruling of Charles V that Luther is guilty of heracy, banished and protected by german princes
Peasants Revolt of 1524
Because:
- everyone is equal inside and out of the church
- German princes land gets taken by peasants
- Luther disagrees and backs peasants
- over 100,000 peasants were killed
Lutheran
- founded by Luther
- head of church: council of bishops
- sacraments: baptism, communion
- first protestant church
Anglican
- founded by Henry VIII, who is also the head of the church
- confession is not a sacrament
- uses BCP in every church
Calvin
- founded by John Calvin
- head of the church is a council of elders
- sacraments: baptism, Eucharist
- uses ICR, strict values, church is higher than state, only “the elect’” go to heaven
Institutes of Christian Religion
Calvin, only God knows what will happen
Anabaptist
- no leader, each church chose their own
- adult baptism, like JESUS
- pacifists
BCP
Used by Anglicans, same things being said in every church
Henry VIII
- head of Anglican church
Ignatius of Loyola
- past Spanish captain, now monk
- Spiritual Exercises and Jesuits to found Catholic schools
- Sends missionaries to convert and reconvert protestants
Spiritual Exercises
- to exercise the soul
Jesuits
- sent missionaries to reconvert protestants
Pope Paul III
- investigated abuses in church
- approves Jesuits and wants to root out heracy
- starts seminary schools and the Council of Trent
Pope Paul IV
- starts up Ghettos in Rome to wall off Jewish neighborhoods
- creates Index of Forbidden Texts
Council of Trent
- discuss all the problems in the church and their main points were…
1. church’s interpretation of Bible was final
2. Bible and Church are equally powerful
3. Christians need faith and good works for salvation
4. Indulgences are good… but the selling of them is banned
Seminary Schools
- teaches priests about religion so there aren’t different interpretations
Index of Forbidden Texts
Banned Books:
- Lutheran, Christian, Protestant
- Humanist
Problems facing the Church before Reformation
The Great Schism, illiterate priests, the church being too worldly, bible was only in Latin, selling of indulgences, corruption of popes
How did the Renaissance help cause the Reformation?
- printing press, humanist writers, individualism, went back to original Hebrew sources
How did Tetzel spark the Reformation?
- sells indulgences which angers Luther into writing 95 theses
Why did multiple Protestant religions form? How was each unique?
- slightly different beliefs
- the sacraments, how they rule, what they believe
What was the overall impact the Reformation had on Europe?
- new religions
- more focus on education
- more unified church, religious wars
- small gains for women
- monarchs will gain power (Henry VIII)
Why did Wycliffe and Huss’ ideas fail to spread, what were they?
- no means to spread them
- the bible is the only authority, sermon should be in the vernacular, everyone should get the Eucharist, the church should get no wealth
3 main themes of Luther
- salvation by faith alone
- bible is only authority
- priesthood of all believers
