Reformation

Question 1

Pope Alexander VI

Answer 1

• had 5 kids even though he was a pope
• self-centered, not a good pope

Question 2

John Wycliffe

Answer 2

Ideas:
- Christ is the true head of the church
- church should own no wealth, gets put on trial for heracy

Question 3

Jan Huss

Answer 3

• only authority is Bible, service in vernacular
• everyone should get Eucharist
• burned for heracy and ideas don’t spread

Question 4

Johann Tetzel

Answer 4

• sells indulgences bc his church needs a new roof
• claims he can get you deceased loved ones into Heaven

Question 5

Martin Luther

Answer 5

• wrote the 95 theses
• church responded by saying Luther was just another drunk monk, threatens to excommunicate

Question 6

German Princes

Answer 6

backed Luther to gain more power, land, and to stop the church

Question 7

95 Theses

Answer 7

• written in 1517, Wittenburg by Luther
• spark that started the Reformation
• response to John Tetzel scamming everyone
• nailed to church doors and ideas spread bc of printing press

Question 8

Leo X

Answer 8

• says Luther is just another drunk monk
• 1520 he threatens to excommunicate Luther

Question 9

Charles V (of HRE)

Answer 9

• 1521 calls for Diet of Worms, court case against Luther guilty of heracy and then Edict of Worms banishing Luther

Question 10

Diet of Worms

Answer 10

Court session for Lither at the court of worms

Question 11

Edict of Worms

Answer 11

Ruling of Charles V that Luther is guilty of heracy, banished and protected by german princes

Question 12

Peasants Revolt of 1524

Answer 12

Because:
- everyone is equal inside and out of the church
- German princes land gets taken by peasants
- Luther disagrees and backs peasants
- over 100,000 peasants were killed

Question 13

Lutheran

Answer 13

• founded by Luther
• head of church: council of bishops
• sacraments: baptism, communion
• first protestant church

Question 14

Anglican

Answer 14

• founded by Henry VIII, who is also the head of the church
• confession is not a sacrament
• uses BCP in every church

Question 15

Calvin

Answer 15

• founded by John Calvin
• head of the church is a council of elders
• sacraments: baptism, Eucharist
• uses ICR, strict values, church is higher than state, only “the elect’” go to heaven

Question 16

Institutes of Christian Religion

Answer 16

Calvin, only God knows what will happen

Question 17

Anabaptist

Answer 17

• no leader, each church chose their own
• adult baptism, like JESUS
• pacifists

Question 18

BCP

Answer 18

Used by Anglicans, same things being said in every church

Question 19

Henry VIII

Answer 19

• head of Anglican church

Question 20

Ignatius of Loyola

Answer 20

• past Spanish captain, now monk
• Spiritual Exercises and Jesuits to found Catholic schools
• Sends missionaries to convert and reconvert protestants

Question 21

Spiritual Exercises

Answer 21

• to exercise the soul

Question 22

Jesuits

Answer 22

• sent missionaries to reconvert protestants

Question 23

Pope Paul III

Answer 23

• investigated abuses in church
• approves Jesuits and wants to root out heracy
• starts seminary schools and the Council of Trent

Question 24

Pope Paul IV

Answer 24

• starts up Ghettos in Rome to wall off Jewish neighborhoods
• creates Index of Forbidden Texts

Question 25

Council of Trent

Answer 25

• discuss all the problems in the church and their main points were…
  1. church’s interpretation of Bible was final
  2. Bible and Church are equally powerful
  3. Christians need faith and good works for salvation
  4. Indulgences are good… but the selling of them is banned

Question 26

Seminary Schools

Answer 26

• teaches priests about religion so there aren’t different interpretations

Question 27

Index of Forbidden Texts

Answer 27

Banned Books:
- Lutheran, Christian, Protestant
- Humanist

Question 28

Problems facing the Church before Reformation

Answer 28

The Great Schism, illiterate priests, the church being too worldly, bible was only in Latin, selling of indulgences, corruption of popes

Question 29

How did the Renaissance help cause the Reformation?

Answer 29

• printing press, humanist writers, individualism, went back to original Hebrew sources

Question 30

How did Tetzel spark the Reformation?

Answer 30

• sells indulgences which angers Luther into writing 95 theses

Question 31

Why did multiple Protestant religions form? How was each unique?

Answer 31

• slightly different beliefs
• the sacraments, how they rule, what they believe

Question 32

What was the overall impact the Reformation had on Europe?

Answer 32

• new religions
• more focus on education
• more unified church, religious wars
• small gains for women
• monarchs will gain power (Henry VIII)

Question 33

Why did Wycliffe and Huss’ ideas fail to spread, what were they?

Answer 33

• no means to spread them
• the bible is the only authority, sermon should be in the vernacular, everyone should get the Eucharist, the church should get no wealth

Question 34

3 main themes of Luther

Answer 34

• salvation by faith alone
• bible is only authority
• priesthood of all believers