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MUS 215: Appreciation of Music > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened as music increasingly became part of secular life?

A
  1. Professional musicians played at festivals and tournaments.
  2. Those who were rich bought musical instruments (keyboard instruments or lutes) for in-home use.
  3. People played music for fun/as amateur musicians.
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2
Q

What opportunity were rich women given?

A

The opportunity to learn music and make a career out of it.

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3
Q

What is the Italian madrigal?

A
  1. The Italian equivalent of the French chanson.
  2. Considered to be the most important genre of the Renaissance era.
  3. 3-8 voices.
  4. Popular in Italian courts.
  5. Topics of politics, love, humor, country and city life, etc.
  6. The use of word/text painting.
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4
Q

What is word/text painting?

A

When the music reflects the connotation of the word or phrase being used. Example: Talking about life- The music goes up the scale and pitch.

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5
Q

What happened during the Early madrigal?

A
  1. Common amongst amateur performers.
  2. More complex.
  3. 5-6 voices.
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6
Q

What happened during the Late madrigal?

A
  1. Extension into the Baroque era.
  2. Claudio Monteverdi (the most influential madrigal composer began writing madrigals).
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7
Q

Who was Claudio Monteverdi and what were his major accomplishments?

A
  1. Choir master at St. Mark’s in Venice for thirty years.
  2. Made madrigal an emotionally charged and soloistic style.
  3. Published nine books of madrigals, dramatic music, sacred music, and operas.
  4. Wrote Si ch’io vorrei morire (Truly I want to die).
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8
Q

What is Si ch’io vorrei morire Truly I want to die?

A
  1. 5-voice a cappella.
  2. Italian madrigal.
  3. Through composed (no repeats).
  4. Alternated between homophony and polyphony.
  5. Word painting with “expiring,” “perish,” and “climax.”
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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the English madrigal?

A
  1. Simplex text.
  2. Lighter in style.
  3. Use of the refrain syllable “fa la la”.
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10
Q

Who was John Farmer and what were his accomplishments?

A
  1. English organist and composer.
  2. Published collections of 4-voice madrigals.
  3. Clever wordplay and lighthearted works.
  4. Composed Fair Phyllis.
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11
Q

What is Fair Phyllis?

A
  1. An English madrigal.
  2. Lighthearted and pastoral.
  3. 4- voice a cappella.
  4. dancelike, lively rhythm.
  5. Meter shifts.
  6. Word painting with “ up and down” and “all alone”.
  7. Imitation.
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12
Q

What movement had a major influence on sacred music during the Renaissance?

A

Humanism (the reliance on scientific inquiry, reason, human issues, the individual, and rationality).

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13
Q

What is a motet?

A

A sacred vocal work written in Latin that was used during religious services. Allowed for text to be combined with prescribed prayer. Praise of the Virgin Mary were popular.

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14
Q

What did the choir in a church look like?

A
  1. All male professional singers that were trained since childhood.
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15
Q

What occurred during the Golden Age of a cappella?

A
  1. Imitation-based polyphony became popular.
  2. Harmonies with fuller chords.
  3. Elaboration based on cantus firmus(pre-existing melodies).
  4. Greater interest in duple meters.
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16
Q

Who was Josquin des Prez and what were his major accomplishments?

A
  1. Was part of many courts and choirs.
  2. He used themes of humanism in his music.
  3. composed over 100 motets, French chansons, 17 Masses, and Italian secular songs.
  4. Composed a version of Ave Maria.
17
Q

What is Ave Maria?

A
  1. A 4-voice a cappella Latin motet that is a rhymed, strophic prayer to the Virgin Mary.
  2. Sectional form.
  3. Based on pre-existing chants.
  4. Imitative polyphony (each voice enters w/ “Ave Maria.”).
  5. Switching of voice combinations to emphasize certain emotions.
18
Q

What was the structure of Mass during the Renaissance?

A
  1. The Reenactment of Christ’s last supper.
  2. The ordinary (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo).
  3. The proper.
  4. Sanctus (song of praise).
  5. Agnus Dei: “Lamb of God”.
19
Q

What was the Reformation?

A

A Protestant movement led by the Augustinian monk Martin Luther. Martin Luther believed in monophonic congregational singing in the vernacular.

20
Q

What was the Counter-Reformation?

A

A movement by the Catholic church that pushed for a return to Christian piety. This led to the Council of Trent, which was created to regulate every aspect of religious discipline.

21
Q

What was the Council of Trent concerned about?

A
  1. Corruption of traditional chant.
  2. Certain instruments in the church.
  3. Complex polyphony obscuring the text.
  4. church musicians being irreverent.
  5. Composers of sacred music composing secular music.
  6. Incorporation of popular/folk songs into the Mass.
22
Q

What were the Council of Trent’s recommendations?

A
  1. Encourage piety.
  2. Use pure vocal style.
  3. Some suggested a return to Gregorian chant.
  4. Respect the integrity of sacred texts.
  5. Avoid virtuosity (i.e. not being impressive or being above other composers).
23
Q

Who was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and what were his accomplishments?

A
  1. Italian choirmaster, composer, and organist.
  2. Worked at St. Peter’s in the Vatican (Rome).
  3. Created a pure a cappella style that included polyphony.
  4. Wrote over 100 Masses.
  5. Wrote the Pope Marcellus Mass Gloria.
24
Q

What is the Pope Marcellus Mass Gloria?

A
  1. Sung by an all-male (men and boys) a cappella choir.
  2. Trained professionals were used, which lends spiritual power.
  3. Is serene, restrained, and celestial.
25
Q

What two things did early instrumental music rely on?

A
  1. Improvisation.
  2. Oral tradition.
26
Q

What were the Renaissance instruments classified as soft/bas/indoor instruments?

A
  1. Wind instruments: recorder.
  2. Bowed string instruments: rebec.
  3. Plucked string instruments: lute.
27
Q

What were the Renaissance instruments classified as loud/haut/outdoor instruments?

A
  1. Civic wind band instruments.
  2. Tournament and procession instruments.
  3. Shawm (oboe), Sackbut (Trombone), Cornetto (Like a trumpet), trumpet, tabor (percussion), and nakers (percussion).
28
Q

What occurred to purely instrumental music in the 16th century?

A
  1. Was published for common use.
  2. Dances were created around the music.
29
Q

What was Tielman Susato and what were his accomplishments?

A
  1. Flemish instrumentalist, composer, and printer.
  2. composed and arranged secular and sacred works.
  3. Wrote Danserye, a collection of popular dance music.
  4. Played all woodwind and brass instruments.
30
Q

What is Three Dances from Danserye?

A
  1. Three rondes (country dance) that lead into one another and repeat.
  2. Loud, civic style.
  3. Lively duple meter and homophonic.
  4. Consonant harmony.

MUS 215: Appreciation of Music (7 decks)

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