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Micro Exam 4 > Remaining Bacterial Agents causing Afebrile Diarrhea (not due to food) > Flashcards

Remaining Bacterial Agents causing Afebrile Diarrhea (not due to food) Flashcards

1
Q

ETEC Characteristics

A

GNR, motile by flagella (H antigen) or non-motile, non-fastidious, facultative anaerobe, Oxidase (-), Coliform!

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2
Q

ETEC is a coliform, meaning:

A

ferments lactose with acid and gas production

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3
Q

ETEC on MacConkey agar will grow

A

PINK colonies

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4
Q

What other organism is a coliform?

A

Aeromonas

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5
Q

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia would all grow what color on MacConkey agar?

A

White!

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6
Q

ETEC has what antigens

A

O, H, K, pili/fimbriae

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7
Q

Risk factors for ETEC infection

A

Poor sanitation, contaminated water/food

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8
Q

ETEC infections are commonly called

A

Traveler’s diarrhea, weanling diarrhea, montezuma’s revenge, etc

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9
Q

Transmission of ETEC is

A

HIGH dose: fecal-oral (not p-to-p)

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10
Q

Reservoir of ETEC is

A

human and animal GIT

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11
Q

What allow ETEC to attach to small intestine?

A

Fimbriae/Colonization Factor Antigen (CFA)

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12
Q

ETEC virulence factors?

A

CFA/fimbriae, LT toxin, and ST toxin

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13
Q

ETEC LT toxin mechanism

A

heat-labile enterotoxin w/ same mechanism as Cholera toxin CT-1/2 (binds Gm1 ganglioside, blocks GTPase, activates A.C. and cAMP, hyper secretion of Cl-, HCO3-, H2O = diarrhea)

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14
Q

ETEC CFA mechanism

A

fimbriae that allows ETEC to adhere to small bowel

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15
Q

ETEC ST toxin mechanism

A

heat-stabile enterotoxin that binds guanylate cyclase, activates cGMP, Phosphorylates Cl- channel–> Cl- secretion and blocks Na+ absorption

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16
Q

Immunity for ETEC is partially provided by?

A

O1 cholera vaccine

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17
Q

ETEC inhabits the

A

small intestines

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18
Q

Incubation period of ETEC

A

1-2 days

19
Q

Duration of illness from ETEC

A

1-3 days; self-limiting

20
Q

Main symptoms from ETEC infection

A

abrupt onset of mild-severe afebrile watery diarrhea

21
Q

Diagnosis is made from

A

History; lab results of little value

22
Q

Culture ETEC on what media?

A

Non-fastdious, ALSO a COLIFORM (lactose fermenter) –> PINK on MacConkey

23
Q

Treatment for ETEC infection

A

Replace fluids/electrolytes, pepto bismol

24
Q

Should you give abx for ETEC infection?

A

NO, unless severe case

25
Q

Prevention of ETEC

A

O1 Cholera vaccine has some cross-coverage, pepto-bismol, abx protection for traveler’s

26
Q

EAEC is a subgroup of

A

ETEC

27
Q

EAEC has the ability to

A

adhere to epithelial cells such as Hep-2 in a “stacked-brick” pattern

28
Q

EAEC symptoms

A

PERSISTENT diarrhea (>14 days)

29
Q

Newer strains of EAEC can produce

A

Shiga toxins

30
Q

EAEC strains have adapted

A

from cattle GIT pathogens to HUMAN GIT pathogens

31
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila Characteristics

A

GNR, Mesophilic to psychrophilic (RT to cold temperatures), resistant to Cl-, Oxidase +, coliform

32
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila causes up to ___% of gastritis in the world

A

13

33
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila is also associated with what type of infections

A

cellulitis

34
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila is found primarily in

A

fresh-water sources

35
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila can be isolated from many environments due to

A

its ability to survive and proliferate in cold temperatures

36
Q

Main symptoms of Aeromonas hydrophila

A

afebrile, watery diarrhea

37
Q

Duration of symptoms of Aeromonas hydrophila

A

1-3 days

38
Q

Virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila

A

Enterotoxin (cholera/CT-like toxin)

39
Q

Transmission of Aeromonas hydrophila

A

fecal-oral (contaminated water/food source)

40
Q

Culture of Aeromonas hydrophila is normally on

A

Blood agar w/ ampicillin (MDR)

41
Q

Treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila

A

Rehydrate

42
Q

Should Aeromonas hydrophila be treated w/ abx?

A

No, it’s usually MDR anyways

43
Q

Main risk factor of Aeromonas hydrophila

A

ingestion of fresh-water or brackish water contaminated food/water

Micro Exam 4 (8 decks)

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