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Micro Exam 4 > Afebrile Diarrhea caused by Fungus > Flashcards

Afebrile Diarrhea caused by Fungus Flashcards

1
Q

Charcteristics of Microsporidia

A

Fungus, obligate intracellular, spore

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2
Q

Infectious state of Microsporidia

A

spore

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3
Q

Spore Characteristics of Microsporidia

A

Coiled polar tubule “belt” for extrusion of spore contents into host cell

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4
Q

Most common cause of chronic diarrhea/gastritis in patients with HIV?

A

Microsporidia/Enterocytozoan bieneusi

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5
Q

___% of AIDS pts have Microsporidia develop chronic diarrhea

A

50

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6
Q

Other risk factors for Microsporidia

A

traveler’s, children, organ transplant recipients, and elderly

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7
Q

Transmission of Microsporidia is primarily

A

Direct human contact

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8
Q

In an immunocompetent person, Microsporidia infection

A

rarely causes symptoms

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9
Q

Symptoms of Microsporidia infection

A

Diarrhea, acalculous cholecystitis (fever and right upper quadrant tenderness)

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10
Q

Host immunity to Microsporidia

A

T cells

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11
Q

Diagnostic tests for Microsporidia

A

O&P w/ concentration + trichrome stain; polar coiled tubules are diagnostic

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12
Q

Treatment for Microsporidia

A

Albendazole

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13
Q

Characteristics of Cyclospora

A

Fungus, mildly Acid-fast (+), intracellular organism

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14
Q

Risk Factors for Cyclospora

A

Asia and South America, contaminated water and imported fruit (raspberries, strawberries, cilantro), warm and rainy, AIDS

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15
Q

Symptoms of Cyclospora

A

Watery diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, and upper intestinal pain

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16
Q

Duration of Cyclospora symptoms

A

~20-38 days

17
Q

Transmission of Cyclospora

A

NOT direct contact; oocyst must sporulate in environment

18
Q

Incubation period for Cyclospora

A

1 week

19
Q

Characteristics of Cyclospora oocyst

A

large, mildly acid-fast, auto fluoresce

20
Q

Life cycle of Cyclospora

A

Oocyst is passed, sporulation occurs days to weeks later in the environment at 22-32 °C. Sporont divides into 2 sporocysts, each containing 2 elongated sporozoites
Ingestion of the sporulated oocyst occurs and the oocyst excyst in the GIT, freeing the sporozoites which invade epithelial cells of the sm. intestine. Inside cells they undergo asexual multiplication and sexual development to mature into oocysts.

21
Q

Diagnosis of Cyclospora infection

A

presence of large autofluorescing, mildly acid-fast oocysts in stools

22
Q

Treatment of Cyclospora infection

A

TMX-SMZ

23
Q

TMX-SMZ MOA

A

acts as a substrate inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase. Sulfonamides are analogs of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme, inhibiting the production of dihydropteroic acid. Trimethoprim acts by interfering with the action of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting the synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid

Micro Exam 4 (8 decks)

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