Diarrhea Information Flashcards
Diarrhea Characteristics
increased liquidity and frequency
Diarrhea usually involves infection of the
SMALL intestine
Acute diarrhea lasts
1 day - 2 weeks
Persistent diarrhea lasts
2 weeks - 1 mo
Chronic diarrhea lasts
> 1 month
Dysentery Characteristics
variety of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestine associated with pain, tenesmus and stools containing mucus and blood
Tenesmus
painful, ineffectual straining
Dysentery usually involves infection of the
LARGE intestine
Pain in Diarrhea is typically described in what location
mid-abdominal
Pain in Dysentery is typically described in what location
lower abdominal and rectal
Enterotoxin:
exotoxin acting on the intestine
Host factors for resistance
Gastric acidity, intestinal motility, mucous blanket, CMI and humoral immunity, NF, Nutrition: esp Vitamin A, proteolytic enzymes
Why Vitamin A
It’s required for epithelial cell turnover
GIT NF is established
at birth
What might inhibit NF establishment in a newborn?
C-section
What re-populates GIT NF after abx-use?
appendix
What organisms are associated with periodontal disease and IBD
Prevotellaceae, Bacterioidetes and TM7 phylum
NLRP6
inflammasomes are important for maintaining healthy gut microbiota. Inflammasomes are pathogen sensors and activate the innate immune system
Abx-usage in children may cause
allergic eczema, asthma, atopy, Crohn’s disease, IBD, diabetes, obesity, autism, and others
CCL5 secretion
stimulated by altered microbiota –> triggers chronic inflammation and increased incidence of spontaneous and induced IBD
Inflammasomes are large PRR’s that recognize
host-derived danger signals and recruit and activate the pro-inflammatory caspase-1 (cleaving IL-1β and IL-18 to active form)
