Diarrhea Information

Question 1

Diarrhea Characteristics

Answer 1

increased liquidity and frequency

Question 2

Diarrhea usually involves infection of the

Answer 2

SMALL intestine

Question 3

Acute diarrhea lasts

Answer 3

1 day - 2 weeks

Question 4

Persistent diarrhea lasts

Answer 4

2 weeks - 1 mo

Question 5

Chronic diarrhea lasts

Answer 5

> 1 month

Question 6

Dysentery Characteristics

Answer 6

variety of disorders marked by inflammation of the intestine associated with pain, tenesmus and stools containing mucus and blood

Question 7

Tenesmus

Answer 7

painful, ineffectual straining

Question 8

Dysentery usually involves infection of the

Answer 8

LARGE intestine

Question 9

Pain in Diarrhea is typically described in what location

Answer 9

mid-abdominal

Question 10

Pain in Dysentery is typically described in what location

Answer 10

lower abdominal and rectal

Question 11

Enterotoxin:

Answer 11

exotoxin acting on the intestine

Question 12

Host factors for resistance

Answer 12

Gastric acidity, intestinal motility, mucous blanket, CMI and humoral immunity, NF, Nutrition: esp Vitamin A, proteolytic enzymes

Question 13

Why Vitamin A

Answer 13

It’s required for epithelial cell turnover

Question 14

GIT NF is established

Answer 14

at birth

Question 15

What might inhibit NF establishment in a newborn?

Answer 15

C-section

Question 16

What re-populates GIT NF after abx-use?

Answer 16

appendix

Question 17

What organisms are associated with periodontal disease and IBD

Answer 17

Prevotellaceae, Bacterioidetes and TM7 phylum

Question 18

NLRP6

Answer 18

inflammasomes are important for maintaining healthy gut microbiota. Inflammasomes are pathogen sensors and activate the innate immune system

Question 19

Abx-usage in children may cause

Answer 19

allergic eczema, asthma, atopy, Crohn’s disease, IBD, diabetes, obesity, autism, and others

Question 20

CCL5 secretion

Answer 20

stimulated by altered microbiota –> triggers chronic inflammation and increased incidence of spontaneous and induced IBD

Question 21

Inflammasomes are large PRR’s that recognize

Answer 21

host-derived danger signals and recruit and activate the pro-inflammatory caspase-1 (cleaving IL-1β and IL-18 to active form)