Religious Wars

Question 0

Guise Family

Answer 0

Militant Catholics, want to take French throne after Henry II’s accidental death

Question 1

Valois Family

Answer 1

Ruling family in France. Protestant.

Question 2

Catherine de Medicis

Answer 2

Gets power after Francis II dies. Is a politique. Allies w/ Protestants b/c Guises are too powerful.

Question 3

January Edict

Answer 3

Protestants can worship outside towns, or in private in towns.

Question 4

Politique

Answer 4

Ruler who puts the state over religious goals

Question 5

Gaspard de Cologny

Answer 5

Protestant leader in france. Killed in St Bartholomews day Massacre

Question 6

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Answer 6

August 24, 1572
Catherine de Medicis gets ruler to kill Huguenots in Paris, including Coligny. In 3 days, over 20k people were killed. Turned the war into a battle for survival.
Pope John Paul and Philip II celebrate

Question 7

Protestant Resistance Theory

Answer 7

John Calvin, John Knox begin to allow open rebellion after so much bloodshed in the past. Knox writes “First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Terrible Regiment of Women”, directed towards Mary I

Question 8

Henry of Navarre/Henry IV

Answer 8

Allies with Henry III. Catholic League retaliates for assassination of Duke and Cardinal of Guise. Is charming, make france a tolerant catholic state. By 1596, Catholic league is dissolved.

Question 9

“Paris is worth a mass”

Answer 9

By henry of Navarre. Changed to Catholicism to keep peace.

Question 10

Edict of Nantes

Answer 10

Formal religious settlement between catholics, protestants

Question 11

Philip II

Answer 11

Charles V’s son. Marries Mary I because they are both Catholic.

Question 12

El escorial

Answer 12

Monastery build by Philip II. Massive. Slept in basement. Walked the walk as a catholic. Built with money/gold from South America.

Question 13

Battle of Lepanto

Answer 13

Don John wins sea battle against Turks. Gets supremacy for Spain in the Mediterranean.

Question 14

Revolt in Netherlands

Answer 14

Spain tries to institute catholicism in tolerant netherlands. Revolts begin, led by William of Orange. Flood the land behind them to push back Spain.

Question 15

William of Orange

Answer 15

Netherlands leader for protestants. Is politique, changes religion 3 times. Becomes Calvinist after St Bartholomews Massacre.

Question 16

Pacification of Ghent

Answer 16

After spanish fury, the seperate parts of the netherlands unite against spain.

Question 17

Sea beggars

Answer 17

Pirates/anti-Spanish exiles. Led by Sir Francis Drake.

Question 18

Henry VIII

Answer 18

Starts anglicanism(wants divorce, etc)

Question 19

Edward VI

Answer 19

More protestant rule, is very young

Question 20

Mary I

Answer 20

CATHOLIC. MARRIES PHILIP II. Executes protesants (thomas cranmer)

Question 21

Elizabeth I

Answer 21

Politique. Protestant. Unifies england against spain (Spanish Armada). Advised by Sir William Cecil. Has Mary queen of scots killed.

Question 22

Conregationalists

Answer 22

Want autonomy for their churches

Question 23

Presbytarians

Answer 23

Want less hierarchy, but work with the church and government

Question 24

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots

Answer 24

Catholic. People want her to take over from Elizabeth. Has scandal, flees to england, put under house arrest. Executed for plotting to kill Elizabeth, triggering spanish armada. Daughter of James V of Scotland and Mary of Catherine

Question 25

Puritans

Answer 25

Want less “popery”

Question 26

39 Articles

Answer 26

Protestantism is made official religion of England

Question 27

Spanish Armada

Answer 27

Philip II sends ships against england. Should have won, but is soundly defeated b/c of england’s lighter ships and favorable winds. Ruins spain’s power,

Question 28

30 yrs war causes

Answer 28

Religious tensions in germany, defenestration of prague, other countries want cuius regio euius religio

Question 29

30yrs war phases:

Answer 29

1: hre vs bohemia. Defenestration. Hre wins.
2. Hre(maximilian) vs denmark, christian IV. Hre wins, invades denmark. Edict of restitution(repeal augsburg)
3. Hre vs sweden(gustavus adolphus II). Sweden wins(Breitenfeld). Peace of Prague. Repeal edict of restitution. New tactics, muskets
4. France, spain, sweden run wild in germany. Kill 1/3 of population. Divides germany, labor demand goes up. No longer religious, simply greed.

Question 30

30 yrs war impacts

Answer 30

Indepencenfor netherlands. Divides germany, hre weakens, spain weakens

Regionalism, social division, demand for work up, taxes up

Calvisnism recognized, pope loses power, reaffirm peace of augsburg, religious tolerance rises